Here we go briefly through the basics of a class¶

Here we get a brief introduction to classes and how we can create them once and use anywhere! Simply put: classes have functions,and they encapsulate and collect related bits of useful information. And you can put related classes and functions in a file and give it a name, and we call that a module, which you can then import for your own work.

So actually, creating classes, creating functions, creating modules, it's all really easy. It's all just Python, and it's all just reusing a couple of concepts that we've seen a bunch of times in this series. So functions for encapsulating and naming useful bits of work,classes for encapsulating and naming related bits of functionality, and then modules to store a bunch of classes and functions. With all this you'll get a feel for when it makes sense to write functions, when it makes sense to right classes, and when it makes sense to create your own modules.

In [3]:

class greeting(object):
    def hello(self):
        print('Hi there!')
    def goodbye(self):
        print('Goodbye!')
g = greeting()
g.hello()
g.goodbye()
g2 = greeting()
g2.hello()
g2.goodbye()

Hi there!
Goodbye!
Hi there!
Goodbye!

In [2]:

g2 = greeting()
g2.hello()
g2.goodbye()

Hi there!
Goodbye!

In [5]:

class greeting(object):
    def __init__(self, name): #is called whenever a new instance of a class is created
        self.name = name
    def hello(self):
        print('Hi there! ' + self.name)
    def goodbye(self):
        print('Goodbye! ' + self.name)
        
g = greeting("Tarry")
g.hello()
g.goodbye()
g2 = greeting("Jessica")
g2.hello()
g2.goodbye()

Hi there! Tarry
Goodbye! Tarry
Hi there! Jessica
Goodbye! Jessica

In [11]:

import random

class Die(object): # it inherist an object
    def roll(self):
       return random.randint(1, 6)
d = Die()
print(d.roll())
print(d.roll())
print(d.roll())

1
3
5

In [16]:

import random

class Die(object): # it inherist an object
    def __init__(self, sides):
        self.sides = sides
    def roll(self):
       return random.randint(1, self.sides)
print("D1 rolls: ")
d = Die(6)
print(d.roll())
print(d.roll())
print(d.roll())

print("D2 rolls: ")
d2 = Die(20)
print(d2.roll())
print(d2.roll())
print(d2.roll())

D1 rolls: 
4
3
6
D2 rolls: 
8
10
17

In [30]:

import random
class Deck(object):
    def shuffle(self):
        suits = ['Spades', 'Hearts', 'Clubs', 'Diamonds']
        ranks = ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10', 'Jack', 'Queen', 'King', 'Ace']
        self.cards = [] #Giving it self exposes is to the rest of the class for usage
        for suit in suits:
            for rank in ranks:
                self.cards.append(rank + ' of ' + suit)
        random.shuffle(self.cards)
        
    def deal(self):
        return self.cards.pop()
    
d = Deck()
d.shuffle()
print(d.deal())
print(d.deal())
print(d.deal())

5 of Clubs
Ace of Clubs
9 of Diamonds