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In our homes we have parallel connection. So $V$ is same. Hence for power we must use $P = V^2/R$ but this means that increasing resistance will cause less power and so less energy per unit time is ...
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It is well-known that the Seebeck effect, which is the fundamental operating principle of thermocouples, relates the temperature gradient across a thermocouple to the potential difference by: $$ \...
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In this text ELECTRON EMISSION AND CATHODE EMITTANCE the authors give a formula for the velocity distribution of thermally emitted electrons as The velocity distribution for thermally emitted ...
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I'm NOT in any way a physicist, I just had This Idea which obviously can't work but I just don't see WHY it wouldn't work! Get a container full of water. Use electrolysis to separate it into hydrogen ...
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I measured the temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties of a semiconducting transition metal oxide. The results for the electrical conductivity (green) and the Seebeck coefficient (red) look ...
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After reading the original paper "On a mechanical theory of thermo-electric currents" by Thomson from 1857, and the first chapters from the more recent "Thermoelectrics Handbook - Macro ...
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When dealing with thermoelectric materials, the (total) heat flux is worth $\vec J_Q=-\kappa \nabla T + ST\vec J$, meaning there's the usual conduction part that arises from a temperature gradient, ...
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A little heads up: I came across a Science Mag article on Thermoelectric Materials (Focus was on SnSe (tin selenide). Loved how it sort of spells "Sensei" - this is beside the point) today ...
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I have started researching thermoelectric effect today and I have some questions. Can you have double-sided peltiers? I want to apply electric current to one of those, so that it will be either cold ...
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I am searching for a peltier module which has a time response of at least 0,1 seconds. I looked around in the market but this is not usually a characteristic shared by the manufacturer in the data ...
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In the Callen's paper pointed out two approaches for evolution of systems out of equilibrium. In one part he says The statistical approach consists of generalizing the methods of statistical ...
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My question is about the paper On Onsager's Principle of Microscopic Reversibility by Casimir (see page 346, second column). The relations between forces and currents have the form $$\dot x_1 = l_{11}...
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General comment: despite the longish historical introduction this question is not about the history of physics but rather about a specific conceptual problem in physics. Following Bridgman in the ...
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I am a mathematician and I am working on studying the stability of coupled degenerate wave equation and heat equation under with Gurtin-Pipkin or Coleman-Gurtin thermal law. The classic wave equation ...
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Endurance lasers showed that a 633nm laser diode could lase as low as 621nm when cooled to almost -80C. The wavelength shift for diode lasers can surpass 0.3nm/‘C. From my limited experience ...
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Imagine we have two bodies (environments) with different temperatures connected to each other through Peltier element. Say, one body has temprature $T_l$, the other $T_h$. For the sake of experiment, ...
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Thermocouples work on the principle of the Seebeck effect. In the simplest one-dimensional form, the voltage appearing between two points on a conducting solid having a temperature difference of $\...
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According to the usual Seebeck effect, you can make a loop of wire with two different metals, apply a temperature difference between two opposite sites of the ring and measure a current. See picture ...
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Hey just learned about this thermoelectric effect in physics class, I was wondering why it is not used more often in the form of a thermoelectric generator in practical industrial applications. Would ...
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How does the volume of water going over a hydroelectric dam affect electricity production? Could the flux of the generators not be modulated to different amounts of electricity with the same flow of ...
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I am developing a project using peltier element tec1 12706. I want to achieve a hot side temperature of 60 degrees celsius in a matter of seconds after starting the power. It's not for an operating ...
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Two materials are usually necessary to manifest the Seebeck effect. However, the Seebeck effect occurs when we apply a temperature gradient to a material, and this material produces a potential ...
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What is the maximum temperature gradient between two points? If the environment material affect the solution, you can assume that the environment is vacuum. For example, can we change the temperature ...
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Dear all, assuming temperatures have all reached steady-state, is the center temperature will be exactly (T1+T2+T3+T4)/4 assuming this is a square plate with 4 different temperature at each edge?
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Is heat released quicker in a titanium (uncoated) metal or titanium with silicone coating?
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In my work, I am dealing with a mathematical model which involves thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamics (TEMHD). Ohm's law becomes modified to become $$ \mathbf{J}=\sigma\left(\mathbf{E}+\mathbf{u}\...
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I read some thermionic applications, specially the magnetron one with a cathode and an anode. Technically, it seems that the emission of electrons will go towards the anode (cold temperature) whenever ...
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In order to understand better nonequilibrium statistical physics I came up with the following thought experiment. I wonder what are the requirements to obtain a steady state. Let us consider two ...
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Will a metal conduct heat faster if an electrical current is applied to the that metal ? For instance if a frequency current such as the same that would go to a speaker - so like 30 hz or 50hz or 1khz ...
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Suppose I have some kind of thermoelectric effect, where there is an electric current flowing from a hot to a cold electrode. If there is no bias voltage $V$ and there is a current $I$, the energy ...
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This is half Skeptics SE , half here. Please help me proving this Kickstarter is baloney. Besides the stupid marketing claims what we have here is a neck band shaped portable device of 180x177x45mm ...
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In thomson effect we need an electrical current and a temperature difference at the same time. So it is possible use Thomson effect to generate an electric current? That is, how I generete an electric ...
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Both Seebeck effect and Peltier effect we have the need of two dissimilar conductors to break the symmetry of the system to produce a current. But, why in the Thomson effect we just need one conductor,...
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I have tried to find the answer but it appears that this question was never asked. I consulted my teachers but they do not have any knowledge of this either.
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Note: In literature, the Seebeck coefficient is most often given to platinum as a reference point, because it is challenging to measure the absolute Seebeck coefficient. It is however possible, this ...
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A thermocouple is made from two metals, Antimony and Bismuth. If one junction of the couple is kept hot and the other is kept cold then, an electric current will The answer is - Flow from Antimony to ...
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Is Carnot efficiency also relevant for "open systems"? Example - If we take a thermoelectric material with the hot side connected to a stable heat source and the cold side to an infinite ...
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Would it be feasible to build a system where warm air from sea level is pumped to the top of a mountain to power a thermal power station? With a lapse rate of ~ 1°C / 100 m there should be plenty of ...
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"Thermionic emission is the liberation of electrons from an electrode by virtue of its temperature (releasing of energy supplied by heat). This occurs because the thermal energy given to the ...
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When putting together two different metals a so called "contact potential" will be built up. So far I understand this is because the combined system wants to reach an equilibrium where free ...
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Typical Thermoelectric/Seebeck generators operate at 5-8% efficiency. Is there an upper limit to the conversion of heat flux (temperature differences) directly into electrical energy?
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Why does a joule heater element heat up from the middle outwards to the ends? In the picture below, the kanthal mesh heating element is shown heating up from the middle outwards. I'm looking for an ...
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If a hot and a cold container are placed thermo sealed system, and a thermoelectric device is used between them and electricity is withdrawn that way, will the resulting entropic temperature in both ...
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I was searching web trying to find answer, but all I found are thermoelectrical generators which work on principle flowing electrons from heat to cold material and efficient is very low. I am ...
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I just found out on Wikipedia (also here and there) that the voltage in a thermocouple in not generated by the cold & hot junctions, but by the temperature gradient in the wires which generates a ...
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I have a fresnel lens which I want to put to use for generating electricity. My house receives ample sunlight. What is the best way of going about it? Stirling engines, steam driven turbines are some ...
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My problem is a bit more complex, but I will do my best to describe it. I have assembled the following setup: I want to acheve the lowest possible temperature in vacuum on top of my stacked Peltier ...
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Is there a physical law that would make an electrically charged liquid or granules impossible to produce? Theoretically it should be possible to refuel an EV by adding two different liquids to it in ...
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I was wondering how to calculate how much the temperature will increase in a cylindrical wire due to current passing through it, I did some googling didn't find anything so I came up with the ...
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After a brief search of the internet the polarity definition for thermoelectric voltage is not found. Let conductor X cross a temperature gradient where temperature A is higher than temperature B. ...
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