I used to dislike javascript (and its dynamic typing) but I have grown to appreciate its object orientation, closures and functional programming. Also, its global objects and removal of silent type conversion were a breath of fresh air when I first found them.
My preferred ide for javascript is webstorm as it is easy to get jQuery intellitext working (shame its not free).
Also, I wouldn't say its growing - its ubiquitous already.
Your specific points:
No immediate way of finding a function's entry point
I don't understand this, how could it be any simpler ?
Parameters are passed in to functions, with no way of knowing what properties and functions are available on that parameter
If you set up your ide to incldeinclude the objects definition the properties of the object will be available via intellitext (but i may have missed yryour point here).
Common usage of anonymous functions as callbacks, which frequently leads to a spaghetti of confusing code paths, that you can't navigate around quickly.
Common usage ? If you don't like anonymusanonymous functions, don't use them. Or are you referring to jQuery which uses them substantially ? jQuery is probably regarded by most web developers as the single biggest time saver in the history of web development.
JSLint catches some errors before runtime
It catches all of them, you can include it into yryour ide. Or Webstorm includes it by default (i think).