Extensions for ranges

The C++ Extensions for Ranges, ISO/IEC TS 21425:2017, specifies one modification to the core language and defines new components for the C++ standard library listed on this page.

The Ranges TS is based on the C++14 standard as modified by the Concepts TS.

Core language changes

The Ranges TS modifies the specification of the range-based for loop to permit differently typed begin and end iterators. This change permits the use of sentinels and is also present in C++17.

Concepts

Core language concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type is the same as another type
(concept)
specifies that a type is derived from another type
(concept)
specifies that a type is implicitly convertible to another type
(concept)
specifies that two types share a common reference type
(concept)
specifies that two types share a common type
(concept)
specifies that a type is an integral type
(concept)
specifies that a type is an integral type that is signed
(concept)
specifies that a type is an integral type that is not signed
(concept)
specifies that a type is assignable from another type
(concept)
specifies that a type can be swapped or that two types can be swapped with each other
(concept)
Comparison concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type can be used in Boolean contexts
(concept)
specifies that two types can be compared for equality using operators == and !=
(concept)
specifies that operator == is an equivalence relation
(concept)
specifies that the comparison operators on the type yield a total order
(concept)
Object concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that an object of the type can be destroyed
(concept)
specifies that a variable of the type can be constructed from or bound to a set of argument types
(concept)
specifies that an object of a type can be default constructed
(concept)
specifies that an object of a type can be move constructed
(concept)
specifies that an object of a type can be copy constructed and move constructed
(concept)
specifies that an object of a type can be moved and swapped
(concept)
specifies that an object of a type can be copied, moved, and swapped
(concept)
specifies that an object of a type can be copied, moved, swapped, and default constructed
(concept)
specifies that a type is regular, that is, it is both Semiregular and EqualityComparable
(concept)
Callable concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a callable type can be invoked with a given set of argument types
(concept)
specifies that a callable type is a Boolean predicate
(concept)
specifies that a callable type is a binary relation
(concept)
specifies that a Relation imposes a strict weak ordering
(concept)
Random number generator concept
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type qualifies as a uniform random number generator
(concept)

General utilities

Utility components
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
swaps the value of two objects
(customization point object)
replaces the argument with a new value and returns its previous value
(function template)
Function objects
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
invokes a Callable object with the given arguments
(function template)
function object implementing x == y
(class template)
function object implementing x != y
(class template)
function object implementing x > y
(class template)
function object implementing x < y
(class template)
function object implementing x >= y
(class template)
function object implementing x <= y
(class template)
function object that returns its argument unchanged
(class)
Metaprogramming and type traits
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks if objects of a type can be swapped with objects of same or different type
(class template)
determine the common reference type of a set of types
(class template)
determine the common type of a set of types
(class template)
Tagged pairs and tuples
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
specifies that a type is a tag specifier
(concept)
specifies that a type represents a tag specifier and its element type
(concept)
augument a tuple-like type with named accessors
(class template)
alias template for a tagged std::pair
(alias template)
convenience function for creating a tagged_pair
(function template)
Defined in header <experimental/ranges/tuple>
alias template for a tagged std::tuple
(alias template)
convenience function for creating a tagged_tuple
(function template)
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges::tag
tag specifiers for use with ranges::tagged
(class)

Iterators

Iterator-related concepts
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
Iterator concepts
specifies that a type is readable by applying operator *
(concept)
specifies that a value can be written to an iterator's referenced object
(concept)
specifies that a Semiregular type can be incremented with pre- and post-increment operators
(concept)
specifies that the increment operation on a WeaklyIncrementable type is equality-preserving and that the type is EqualityComparable
(concept)
specifies that objects of a type can be incremented and dereferenced
(concept)
specifies that objects of a type is a sentinel for an Iterator type
(concept)
specifies that the - operator can be applied to an iterator and a sentinel to calculate their difference in constant time
(concept)
specifies that a type is an input iterator, that is, its referenced values can be read and it can be both pre- and post-incremented
(concept)
specifies that a type is an output iterator for a given value type, that is, values of that type can be written to it and it can be both pre- and post-incremented
(concept)
specifies that an InputIterator is a forward iterator, supporting equality comparison and multi-pass
(concept)
specifies that a ForwardIterator is a bidirectional iterator, supporting movement backwards
(concept)
specifies that a BidirectionalIterator is a random-access iterator, supporting advancement in constant time and subscripting
(concept)
Indirect callable concepts
specifies that a callable type can be invoked with the result of dereferencing a Readable type
(concept)
specifies that a callable object, when invoked with the result of dereferencing a Readable type, satisfies Predicate
(concept)
specifies that a callable object, when invoked with the result of dereferencing some Readable types, satisfies Relation
(concept)
specifies that a callable object, when invoked with the result of dereferencing some Readable types, satisfies StrictWeakOrder
(concept)
Common algorithm requirements
specifies that values may be moved from a Readable type to a Writable type
(concept)
specifies that values may be moved from a Readable type to a Writable type and that the move may be performed via an intermediate object
(concept)
specifies that values may be copied from a Readable type to a Writable type
(concept)
specifies that values may be copied from a Readable type to a Writable type and that the copy may be performed via an intermediate object
(concept)
specifies that the values referenced by two Readable types can be swapped
(concept)
specifies that the values referenced by two Readable types can be compared
(concept)
specifies the common requirements of algorithms that reorder elements in place
(concept)
specifies the requirements of algorithms that merge sorted sequences into an output sequence by copying elements
(concept)
specifies the common requirements of algorithms that permute sequences into ordered sequences
(concept)
Concept utilities
compute the result of invoking a callable object on the result of dereferencing some set of Readable types
(class template)
helper template for specifying the constraints on algorithms that accept projections
(class template)
Iterator primitives
Iterator utilities
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
casts the result of dereferencing an object to its associated rvalue reference type
(customization point object)
swap the values referenced by two dereferenceable objects
(customization point object)
Iterator traits
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
obtains the difference type of a WeaklyIncrementable type
(class template)
obtains the value type of a Readable type
(class template)
obtains the iterator category of an input iterator type
(class template)
compatibility traits class that collects an iterator’s associated types
(alias template)
obtains a dereferenceable object's associated reference types
(alias template)
Iterator category tags
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
empty class types used to indicate iterator categories
(class)
std::iterator_traits specializations
Defined in namespace std
specializes std::iterator_traits for ranges TS iterators
(class template specialization)
Iterator operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
advances an iterator by given distance
(function template)
returns the distance between an iterator and a sentinel, or between the beginning and the end of a range
(function template)
increment an iterator
(function template)
decrement an iterator
(function template)
Iterator adaptors
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
iterator adaptor for reverse-order traversal
(class template)
iterator adaptor for insertion at the end of a container
(class template)
iterator adaptor for insertion at the front of a container
(class template)
iterator adaptor for insertion into a container
(class template)
iterator adaptor which dereferences to an rvalue reference
(class template)
sentinel adaptor for use with move_iterator
(class template)
adapt an iterator-sentinel pair into a common iterator type for use with legacy algorithms
(class template)
iterator adaptor that keeps track of its distance from its starting position
(class template)
empty sentinel type for use with iterator types that know the bound of their range
(class)
wrapper for a possibly dangling iterator
(class template)
alias template that wraps the iterator type of an rvalue range with dangling
(alias template)
sentinel type used with any iterator to denote an infinite range
(class)
Stream iterators
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
input iterator that reads from std::basic_istream
(class template)
output iterator that writes to std::basic_ostream
(class template)
input iterator that reads from std::basic_streambuf
(class template)
output iterator that writes to std::basic_streambuf
(class template)

Ranges

Defined in header <experimental/ranges/range>
Range concepts
specifies that a type is a range, that is, it provides a begin iterator and an end sentinel
(concept)
specifies that a range knows its size in constant time
(concept)
specifies that a range is a view, that is, it has constant time copy/move/assignment
(concept)
specifies that a range has identical iterator and sentinel types
(concept)
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies InputIterator
(concept)
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies OutputIterator
(concept)
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies ForwardIterator
(concept)
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies BidirectionalIterator
(concept)
specifies a range whose iterator type satisfies RandomAccessIterator
(concept)
Range access
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
returns an iterator to the beginning of a range
(customization point object)
returns an iterator to the end of a range
(customization point object)
returns a reverse iterator to a range
(customization point object)
returns a reverse end iterator to a range
(customization point object)
Range primitives
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
obtains the size of a range whose size can be calculated in constant time
(customization point object)
checks whether a range is empty
(customization point object)
obtains a pointer to the beginning of a contiguous range
(customization point object)
obtains the iterator and sentinel types of a range
(alias template)

Algorithms

Non-modifying sequence operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks if a predicate is true for all, any or none of the elements in a range
(function template)
applies a function to a range of elements
(function template)
returns the number of elements satisfying specific criteria
(function template)
finds the first position where two ranges differ
(function template)
determines if two sets of elements are the same
(function template)
returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another
(function template)
finds the first element satisfying specific criteria
(function template)
finds the last sequence of elements in a certain range
(function template)
searches for any one of a set of elements
(function template)
finds the first two adjacent items that are equal (or satisfy a given predicate)
(function template)
searches for a range of elements
(function template)
searches for a number consecutive copies of an element in a range
(function template)
Modifying sequence operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
copies a range of elements to a new location
(function template)
copies a number of elements to a new location
(function template)
copies a range of elements in backwards order
(function template)
moves a range of elements to a new location
(function template)
moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order
(function template)
assigns a range of elements a certain value
(function template)
assigns a value to a number of elements
(function template)
applies a function to a range of elements
(function template)
saves the result of a function in a range
(function template)
saves the result of N applications of a function
(function template)
removes elements satisfying specific criteria
(function template)
copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria
(function template)
replaces all values satisfying specific criteria with another value
(function template)
copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value
(function template)
swaps two ranges of elements
(function template)
reverses the order of elements in a range
(function template)
creates a copy of a range that is reversed
(function template)
rotates the order of elements in a range
(function template)
copies and rotate a range of elements
(function template)
randomly re-orders elements in a range
(function template)
removes consecutive duplicate elements in a range
(function template)
creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
(function template)
Partitioning operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
determines if the range is partitioned by the given predicate
(function template)
divides a range of elements into two groups
(function template)
copies a range dividing the elements into two groups
(function template)
divides elements into two groups while preserving their relative order
(function template)
locates the partition point of a partitioned range
(function template)
Sorting operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks whether a range is sorted into ascending order
(function template)
finds the largest sorted subrange
(function template)
sorts a range into ascending order
(function template)
sorts the first N elements of a range
(function template)
copies and partially sorts a range of elements
(function template)
sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements
(function template)
partially sorts the given range making sure that it is partitioned by the given element
(function template)
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given value
(function template)
returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value
(function template)
determines if an element exists in a certain range
(function template)
returns range of elements matching a specific key
(function template)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
merges two sorted ranges
(function template)
merges two ordered ranges in-place
(function template)
returns true if one set is a subset of another
(function template)
computes the difference between two sets
(function template)
computes the intersection of two sets
(function template)
computes the symmetric difference between two sets
(function template)
computes the union of two sets
(function template)
Heap operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
checks if the given range is a max heap
(function template)
finds the largest subrange that is a max heap
(function template)
creates a max heap out of a range of elements
(function template)
adds an element to a max heap
(function template)
removes the largest element from a max heap
(function template)
turns a max heap into a range of elements sorted in ascending order
(function template)
Minimum/maximum operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
returns the greater of the given values
(function template)
returns the largest element in a range
(function template)
returns the smaller of the given values
(function template)
returns the smallest element in a range
(function template)
returns the smaller and larger of two elements
(function template)
returns the smallest and the largest elements in a range
(function template)
Permutation operations
Defined in namespace std::experimental::ranges
determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence
(function template)
generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
(function template)
generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
(function template)