StringIndexOutofBoundsException Error when inputing an empty String Java [duplicate]

Question

Hi I keep getting this error whenever I try to input an empty String. Everything else so far works and if I put a space inside the String it works. I know this is really picky but I'm super curious what I should do in this situation to make sure it returns just an empty String.

**> HW2.nthWord(2,"")
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: 0
    at java.lang.String.charAt(Unknown Source)
    at HW2.nthWord(HW2.java:124)**

I did create a special instance for when this value is put in but it still does not work.

What do I need to to correct this?

/*nthWord takes an int and a String as input and returns a String:
The input int represents a number n that is assumed to be positive, and the output string 
contains every nth word of the input string, starting with the first word, separated by a single space.
 For this method, a word is defined to be a sequence of non-space characters.
There should be no space at the end of the output string.
*/

public static String nthWord( int number, String input ){

  StringBuilder create = new StringBuilder();

  int totalspaces = 0; //This is to hold a count of the number of spaces in a String

    if( number == 0){
    return input;
  }

  if(input == ""){
    return input;
  }

  else{

  for(int i = 0; input.charAt(i) != ' '; i = i + 1){
    create.append(input.charAt(i));
  }

  for( int i = 0; i < input.length() - 1 ; i = i + 1){

    if(input.charAt(i) == ' ' && i < input.length() - 1 && input.charAt(i+1) != ' '){

      if( i != input.length()-1 && input.charAt(i+1) != ' '){
        totalspaces = totalspaces + 1;
      }

      if(totalspaces % number == 0 && totalspaces != 0){
        create.append(' ');
        for(int j = i+1; input.charAt(j) != ' ' && j < input.length(); j = j+1){
          create.append(input.charAt(j));
          i = j;
        }
      }
    }
  }
    return create.toString();
  }
}

input == "" is the start of your problems. That is the wrong way to compare strings. — Stephen C
– Stephen C, Commented Mar 9, 2019 at 0:54

Adam · Accepted Answer · 2019-03-09 00:29:52Z

I noticed a few things

for(int i = 0; input.charAt(i) != ' '; i = i + 1){
   create.append(input.charAt(i));
}

This loops will keep adding characters of "input" until it reaches a space' ' character. If input does not have a space character then this loop will go beyond the length of input and cause the error. You may want something like:

for(int i = 0;  i < input.length(); i = i + 1){
   if(input.charAt(i) == ' ' ){
      break;
   } else {
      create.append(input.charAt(i));
   }
}

Also, when you get to the line:

if(input.charAt(i) == ' ' && i < input.length() - 1 && input.charAt(i+1) != ' '){

you already know that i < input.length() - 1 because you are in a for loop. You may change that line to:

if(input.charAt(i) == ' ' && input.charAt(i+1) != ' '){

For the same reason, your next section:

  if( i != input.length()-1 && input.charAt(i+1) != ' '){
    totalspaces = totalspaces + 1;
  }

can be changed to

  if( i != input.length()-1 ){
    totalspaces = totalspaces + 1;
  }

Also, I noticed that you may be making the problem harder than it needs to be. The problem will be much easier if you solve it in a single for-loop.

for(int i = 0;  i < input.length(); i = i + 1){
   if( x ) //x is some code that determines if you are part of the nth word
      create.append(input.charAt(i));
}

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