Stephen Kitt's answerStephen Kitt's answer is close, but not quite correct; if we read lseek(2) more carefully, we will see that it actually says (bold mine):
The lseek() function repositions the file offset of the open file description associated with the file descriptor fd [...]
So, what's an "open file description" and how does it relate to a "file descriptor"?
Well, down in the NOTES section, we find:
See open(2) for a discussion of the relationship between file descriptors, open file descriptions, and files.
Perfect! However, rather than pasting a wall of text from the manpage, I'll just link to a good answer to "What is an open file description?"a good answer to "What is an open file description?" that explains the same thing.