Just summary:

• bash <file> can execute only shell scripts
• bash -c <file> can execute shell scripts and binaries(e.g. /usr/bin/date, /usr/bin/echo)

Just summary:

• bash <file> can execute only shell scripts
• bash -c <file> can execute binaries  (e.g. /usr/bin/date, /usr/bin/echo) and executable shell scripts