std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::end, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::cend

< cpp‎ | string‎ | basic string

	(1)
iterator end();			(until C++11)
iterator end() noexcept;			(since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr iterator end() noexcept;			(since C++20)
		(2)
const_iterator end() const;				(until C++11)
const_iterator end() const noexcept;				(since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept;				(since C++20)
			(3)
const_iterator cend() const;					(until C++11)
const_iterator cend() const noexcept;					(since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept;					(since C++20)

Returns an iterator to the character following the last character of the string. This character acts as a placeholder, attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

Iterator to the character following the last character.

Complexity

Constant.

Notes

In libstdc++, cend() is not available in C++98 mode.

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string s("Exemparl");
    std::next_permutation(s.begin(), s.end());
 
    std::string c;
    std::copy(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), std::back_inserter(c));
    std::cout << c << '\n'; // "Exemplar"
}

Output:

Exemplar

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 1192	C++98	std::basic_string did not have the member function `cend()`	added

begincbegin (DR*)	returns an iterator to the beginning (public member function)
endcend (C++17)	returns an iterator to the end (public member function of `std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>`)