# wxTextCtrl Class Reference
[Controls]

`#include </home/work/projects/wx/2.9/wx/interface/wx/textctrl.h>`

Inheritance diagram for wxTextCtrl:
[legend]

## Detailed Description

A text control allows text to be displayed and edited.

It may be single line or multi-line. Notice that a lot of methods of the text controls are found in the base wxTextEntry class which is a common base class for wxTextCtrl and other controls using a single line text entry field (e.g. wxComboBox).

## Styles

This class supports the following styles:

- wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER:
  The control will generate the event `wxEVT_COMMAND_TEXT_ENTER` (otherwise pressing Enter key is either processed internally by the control or used for navigation between dialog controls).
- wxTE_PROCESS_TAB:
  The control will receive `wxEVT_CHAR` events for TAB pressed - normally, TAB is used for passing to the next control in a dialog instead. For the control created with this style, you can still use Ctrl-Enter to pass to the next control from the keyboard.
- wxTE_MULTILINE:
  The text control allows multiple lines. If this style is not specified, line break characters should not be used in the controls value.
- wxTE_PASSWORD:
  The text will be echoed as asterisks.
- wxTE_READONLY:
  The text will not be user-editable.
- wxTE_RICH:
  Use rich text control under Win32, this allows to have more than 64KB of text in the control even under Win9x. This style is ignored under other platforms.
- wxTE_RICH2:
  Use rich text control version 2.0 or 3.0 under Win32, this style is ignored under other platforms
- wxTE_AUTO_URL:
  Highlight the URLs and generate the wxTextUrlEvents when mouse events occur over them. This style is only supported for wxTE_RICH Win32 and multi-line wxGTK2 text controls.
- wxTE_NOHIDESEL:
  By default, the Windows text control doesn't show the selection when it doesn't have focus - use this style to force it to always show it. It doesn't do anything under other platforms.
- wxHSCROLL:
  A horizontal scrollbar will be created and used, so that text won't be wrapped. No effect under wxGTK1.
- wxTE_NO_VSCROLL:
  For multiline controls only: vertical scrollbar will never be created. This limits the amount of text which can be entered into the control to what can be displayed in it under MSW but not under GTK2. Currently not implemented for the other platforms.
- wxTE_LEFT:
  The text in the control will be left-justified (default).
- wxTE_CENTRE:
  The text in the control will be centered (currently wxMSW and wxGTK2 only).
- wxTE_RIGHT:
  The text in the control will be right-justified (currently wxMSW and wxGTK2 only).
- wxTE_DONTWRAP:
  Same as wxHSCROLL style: don't wrap at all, show horizontal scrollbar instead.
- wxTE_CHARWRAP:
  Wrap the lines too long to be shown entirely at any position (wxUniv and wxGTK2 only).
- wxTE_WORDWRAP:
  Wrap the lines too long to be shown entirely at word boundaries (wxUniv and wxGTK2 only).
- wxTE_BESTWRAP:
  Wrap the lines at word boundaries or at any other character if there are words longer than the window width (this is the default).
- wxTE_CAPITALIZE:
  On PocketPC and Smartphone, causes the first letter to be capitalized.

Note that alignment styles (wxTE_LEFT, wxTE_CENTRE and wxTE_RIGHT) can be changed dynamically after control creation on wxMSW and wxGTK. wxTE_READONLY, wxTE_PASSWORD and wrapping styles can be dynamically changed under wxGTK but not wxMSW. The other styles can be only set during control creation.

## wxTextCtrl Text Format

The multiline text controls always store the text as a sequence of lines separated by `'\n'` characters, i.e. in the Unix text format even on non-Unix platforms. This allows the user code to ignore the differences between the platforms but at a price: the indices in the control such as those returned by GetInsertionPoint() or GetSelection() can not be used as indices into the string returned by GetValue() as they're going to be slightly off for platforms using `"\\r\\n"` as separator (as Windows does).

Instead, if you need to obtain a substring between the 2 indices obtained from the control with the help of the functions mentioned above, you should use GetRange(). And the indices themselves can only be passed to other methods, for example SetInsertionPoint() or SetSelection().

To summarize: never use the indices returned by (multiline) wxTextCtrl as indices into the string it contains, but only as arguments to be passed back to the other wxTextCtrl methods. This problem doesn't arise for single-line platforms however where the indices in the control do correspond to the positions in the value string.

## wxTextCtrl Styles.

Multi-line text controls support styling, i.e. provide a possibility to set colours and font for individual characters in it (note that under Windows `wxTE_RICH` style is required for style support). To use the styles you can either call SetDefaultStyle() before inserting the text or call SetStyle() later to change the style of the text already in the control (the first solution is much more efficient).

In either case, if the style doesn't specify some of the attributes (for example you only want to set the text colour but without changing the font nor the text background), the values of the default style will be used for them. If there is no default style, the attributes of the text control itself are used.

So the following code correctly describes what it does: the second call to SetDefaultStyle() doesn't change the text foreground colour (which stays red) while the last one doesn't change the background colour (which stays grey):

        text->SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(*wxRED));
        text->AppendText("Red text\n");
        text->SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(wxNullColour, *wxLIGHT_GREY));
        text->AppendText("Red on grey text\n");
        text->SetDefaultStyle(wxTextAttr(*wxBLUE);
        text->AppendText("Blue on grey text\n");

## wxTextCtrl and C++ Streams

This class multiply-inherits from `std::streambuf` (except for some really old compilers using non-standard iostream library), allowing code such as the following:

        wxTextCtrl *control = new wxTextCtrl(...);

        ostream stream(control)

        stream << 123.456 << " some text\n";
        stream.flush();

Note that even if your compiler doesn't support this (the symbol `wxHAS_TEXT_WINDOW_STREAM` has value of 0 then) you can still use wxTextCtrl itself in a stream-like manner:

        wxTextCtrl *control = new wxTextCtrl(...);

        *control << 123.456 << " some text\n";

However the possibility to create an ostream associated with wxTextCtrl may be useful if you need to redirect the output of a function taking an ostream as parameter to a text control.

Another commonly requested need is to redirect `std::cout` to the text control. This may be done in the following way:

        #include <iostream>

        wxTextCtrl *control = new wxTextCtrl(...);

        std::streambuf *sbOld = std::cout.rdbuf();
        std::cout.rdbuf(control);

        // use cout as usual, the output appears in the text control
        ...

        std::cout.rdbuf(sbOld);

But wxWidgets provides a convenient class to make it even simpler so instead you may just do

        #include <iostream>

        wxTextCtrl *control = new wxTextCtrl(...);

        wxStreamToTextRedirector redirect(control);

        // all output to cout goes into the text control until the exit from
        // current scope

See wxStreamToTextRedirector for more details.

## Event Handling.

The following commands are processed by default event handlers in wxTextCtrl: `wxID_CUT`, `wxID_COPY`, `wxID_PASTE`, `wxID_UNDO`, `wxID_REDO`. The associated UI update events are also processed automatically, when the control has the focus.

## Events emitted by this class

The following event handler macros redirect the events to member function handlers 'func' with prototypes like:

void handlerFuncName(wxCommandEvent& event)

Event macros for events emitted by this class:

- EVT_TEXT(id, func):
  Respond to a `wxEVT_COMMAND_TEXT_UPDATED` event, generated when the text changes. Notice that this event will be sent when the text controls contents changes -- whether this is due to user input or comes from the program itself (for example, if wxTextCtrl::SetValue() is called); see wxTextCtrl::ChangeValue() for a function which does not send this event. This event is however not sent during the control creation.
- EVT_TEXT_ENTER(id, func):
  Respond to a `wxEVT_COMMAND_TEXT_ENTER` event, generated when enter is pressed in a text control which must have wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER style for this event to be generated.
- EVT_TEXT_URL(id, func):
  A mouse event occurred over an URL in the text control (wxMSW and wxGTK2 only currently).
- EVT_TEXT_MAXLEN(id, func):
  This event is generated when the user tries to enter more text into the control than the limit set by wxTextCtrl::SetMaxLength(), see its description.

##

Library: wxCore
Category: Controls
Appearance:

wxMSW appearance | wxGTK appearance | wxMac appearance

See also:
  wxTextCtrl::Create, wxValidator

## Public Member Functions

| wxTextCtrl ()
| Default ctor.
| wxTextCtrl (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxString &value=wxEmptyString, const wxPoint &pos=wxDefaultPosition, const wxSize &size=wxDefaultSize, long style=0, const wxValidator &validator=wxDefaultValidator, const wxString &name=wxTextCtrlNameStr)
| Constructor, creating and showing a text control.
virtual | ~wxTextCtrl ()
| Destructor, destroying the text control.
bool | Create (wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxString &value=wxEmptyString, const wxPoint &pos=wxDefaultPosition, const wxSize &size=wxDefaultSize, long style=0, const wxValidator &validator=wxDefaultValidator, const wxString &name=wxTextCtrlNameStr)
| Creates the text control for two-step construction.
virtual void | Cut ()
| Copies the selected text to the clipboard and removes the selection.
virtual void | DiscardEdits ()
| Resets the internal modified flag as if the current changes had been saved.
virtual bool | EmulateKeyPress (const wxKeyEvent &event)
| This function inserts into the control the character which would have been inserted if the given key event had occurred in the text control.
virtual const wxTextAttr & | GetDefaultStyle () const
| Returns the style currently used for the new text.
virtual int | GetLineLength (long lineNo) const
| Gets the length of the specified line, not including any trailing newline character(s).
virtual wxString | GetLineText (long lineNo) const
| Returns the contents of a given line in the text control, not including any trailing newline character(s).
virtual int | GetNumberOfLines () const
| Returns the number of lines in the text control buffer.
virtual bool | GetStyle (long position, wxTextAttr &style)
| Returns the style at this position in the text control.
virtual bool | IsModified () const
| Returns true if the text has been modified by user.
bool | IsMultiLine () const
| Returns true if this is a multi line edit control and false otherwise.
bool | IsSingleLine () const
| Returns true if this is a single line edit control and false otherwise.
bool | LoadFile (const wxString &filename, int fileType=wxTEXT_TYPE_ANY)
| Loads and displays the named file, if it exists.
virtual void | MarkDirty ()
| Mark text as modified (dirty).
void | OnDropFiles (wxDropFilesEvent &event)
| This event handler function implements default drag and drop behaviour, which is to load the first dropped file into the control.
virtual bool | PositionToXY (long pos, long *x, long *y) const
| Converts given position to a zero-based column, line number pair.
bool | SaveFile (const wxString &filename=wxEmptyString, int fileType=wxTEXT_TYPE_ANY)
| Saves the contents of the control in a text file.
virtual bool | SetDefaultStyle (const wxTextAttr &style)
| Changes the default style to use for the new text which is going to be added to the control using WriteText() or AppendText().
void | SetModified (bool modified)
| Marks the control as being modified by the user or not.
virtual bool | SetStyle (long start, long end, const wxTextAttr &style)
| Changes the style of the given range.
virtual void | ShowPosition (long pos)
| Makes the line containing the given position visible.
virtual long | XYToPosition (long x, long y) const
| Converts the given zero based column and line number to a position.
wxTextCtrlHitTestResult | HitTest (const wxPoint &pt, long *pos) const
| This function finds the character at the specified position expressed in pixels.
wxTextCtrlHitTestResult | HitTest (const wxPoint &pt, wxTextCoord *col, wxTextCoord *row) const
| This function finds the character at the specified position expressed in pixels.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (const wxString &s)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (int i)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (long i)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (float f)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (double d)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (char c)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.
wxTextCtrl & | operator<< (wchar_t c)
| Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

List of all members.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

wxTextCtrl::wxTextCtrl | ( |  | ) |

Default ctor.

wxTextCtrl::wxTextCtrl | ( | wxWindow * | parent,
|  | wxWindowID | id,
|  | const wxString & | value = `wxEmptyString`,
|  | const wxPoint & | pos = `wxDefaultPosition`,
|  | const wxSize & | size = `wxDefaultSize`,
|  | long | style = `0`,
|  | const wxValidator & | validator = `wxDefaultValidator`,
|  | const wxString & | name = `wxTextCtrlNameStr` |
| ) |  |  |

Constructor, creating and showing a text control.

Parameters:

  | parent | Parent window. Should not be NULL.
  | id | Control identifier. A value of -1 denotes a default value.
  | value | Default text value.
  | pos | Text control position.
  | size | Text control size.
  | style | Window style. See wxTextCtrl.
  | validator | Window validator.
  | name | Window name.

Remarks:
  The horizontal scrollbar (wxHSCROLL style flag) will only be created for multi-line text controls. Without a horizontal scrollbar, text lines that don't fit in the control's size will be wrapped (but no newline character is inserted). Single line controls don't have a horizontal scrollbar, the text is automatically scrolled so that the insertion point is always visible.

See also:
  Create(), wxValidator

virtual wxTextCtrl::~wxTextCtrl | ( |  | ) | `[virtual]`

Destructor, destroying the text control.

## Member Function Documentation

bool wxTextCtrl::Create | ( | wxWindow * | parent,
|  | wxWindowID | id,
|  | const wxString & | value = `wxEmptyString`,
|  | const wxPoint & | pos = `wxDefaultPosition`,
|  | const wxSize & | size = `wxDefaultSize`,
|  | long | style = `0`,
|  | const wxValidator & | validator = `wxDefaultValidator`,
|  | const wxString & | name = `wxTextCtrlNameStr` |
| ) |  |  |

Creates the text control for two-step construction.

This method should be called if the default constructor was used for the control creation. Its parameters have the same meaning as for the non-default constructor.

virtual void wxTextCtrl::Cut | ( |  | ) | `[virtual]`

Copies the selected text to the clipboard and removes the selection.

virtual void wxTextCtrl::DiscardEdits | ( |  | ) | `[virtual]`

Resets the internal modified flag as if the current changes had been saved.

virtual bool wxTextCtrl::EmulateKeyPress | ( | const wxKeyEvent & | event | ) | `[virtual]`

This function inserts into the control the character which would have been inserted if the given key event had occurred in the text control.

The event object should be the same as the one passed to `EVT_KEY_DOWN` handler previously by wxWidgets. Please note that this function doesn't currently work correctly for all keys under any platform but MSW.

Returns:
  true if the event resulted in a change to the control, false otherwise.

virtual const wxTextAttr& wxTextCtrl::GetDefaultStyle | ( |  | ) | const`[virtual]`

Returns the style currently used for the new text.

See also:
  SetDefaultStyle()

virtual int wxTextCtrl::GetLineLength | ( | long | lineNo | ) | const`[virtual]`

Gets the length of the specified line, not including any trailing newline character(s).

Parameters:

  | lineNo | Line number (starting from zero).

Returns:
  The length of the line, or -1 if lineNo was invalid.

virtual wxString wxTextCtrl::GetLineText | ( | long | lineNo | ) | const`[virtual]`

Returns the contents of a given line in the text control, not including any trailing newline character(s).

Parameters:

  | lineNo | The line number, starting from zero.

Returns:
  The contents of the line.

virtual int wxTextCtrl::GetNumberOfLines | ( |  | ) | const`[virtual]`

Returns the number of lines in the text control buffer.

Remarks:
  Note that even empty text controls have one line (where the insertion point is), so GetNumberOfLines() never returns 0. For wxGTK using GTK+ 1.2.x and earlier, the number of lines in a multi-line text control is calculated by actually counting newline characters in the buffer, i.e. this function returns the number of logical lines and doesn't depend on whether any of them are wrapped. For all the other platforms, the number of physical lines in the control is returned. Also note that you may wish to avoid using functions that work with line numbers if you are working with controls that contain large amounts of text as this function has O(N) complexity for N being the number of lines.

virtual bool wxTextCtrl::GetStyle | ( | long | position,
|  | wxTextAttr & | style |
| ) |  |  | `[virtual]`

Returns the style at this position in the text control.

Not all platforms support this function.

Returns:
  true on success, false if an error occurred (this may also mean that the styles are not supported under this platform).

See also:
  SetStyle(), wxTextAttr

wxTextCtrlHitTestResult wxTextCtrl::HitTest | ( | const wxPoint & | pt,
|  | long * | pos |
| ) |  |  | const

This function finds the character at the specified position expressed in pixels.

The two overloads of this method allow to find either the position of the character, as an index into the text control contents, or its row and column.

If the return code is not `wxTE_HT_UNKNOWN` the row and column of the character closest to this position are returned, otherwise the output parameters are not modified.

Please note that this function is currently only implemented in wxUniv, wxMSW and wxGTK2 ports and always returns `wxTE_HT_UNKNOWN` in the other ports.

wxPerl Note: In wxPerl this function takes only the pt argument and returns a 3-element list (result, col, row).

Parameters:

  | pt | The position of the point to check, in window device coordinates.
  | col | Receives the column of the character at the given position. May be NULL.
  | row | Receives the row of the character at the given position. May be NULL.
  | pos | Receives the position of the character at the given position. May be NULL.

See also:
  PositionToXY(), XYToPosition()

wxTextCtrlHitTestResult wxTextCtrl::HitTest | ( | const wxPoint & | pt,
|  | wxTextCoord * | col,
|  | wxTextCoord * | row |
| ) |  |  | const

This function finds the character at the specified position expressed in pixels.

The two overloads of this method allow to find either the position of the character, as an index into the text control contents, or its row and column.

If the return code is not `wxTE_HT_UNKNOWN` the row and column of the character closest to this position are returned, otherwise the output parameters are not modified.

Please note that this function is currently only implemented in wxUniv, wxMSW and wxGTK2 ports and always returns `wxTE_HT_UNKNOWN` in the other ports.

wxPerl Note: In wxPerl this function takes only the pt argument and returns a 3-element list (result, col, row).

Parameters:

  | pt | The position of the point to check, in window device coordinates.
  | col | Receives the column of the character at the given position. May be NULL.
  | row | Receives the row of the character at the given position. May be NULL.
  | pos | Receives the position of the character at the given position. May be NULL.

See also:
  PositionToXY(), XYToPosition()

virtual bool wxTextCtrl::IsModified | ( |  | ) | const`[virtual]`

Returns true if the text has been modified by user.

Note that calling SetValue() doesn't make the control modified.

See also:
  MarkDirty()

bool wxTextCtrl::IsMultiLine | ( |  | ) | const

Returns true if this is a multi line edit control and false otherwise.

See also:
  IsSingleLine()

bool wxTextCtrl::IsSingleLine | ( |  | ) | const

Returns true if this is a single line edit control and false otherwise.

See also:
  IsSingleLine(), IsMultiLine()

bool wxTextCtrl::LoadFile | ( | const wxString & | filename,
|  | int | fileType = `wxTEXT_TYPE_ANY` |
| ) |  |  |

Loads and displays the named file, if it exists.

Parameters:

  | filename | The filename of the file to load.
  | fileType | The type of file to load. This is currently ignored in wxTextCtrl.

Returns:
  true if successful, false otherwise.

virtual void wxTextCtrl::MarkDirty | ( |  | ) | `[virtual]`

Mark text as modified (dirty).

See also:
  IsModified()

void wxTextCtrl::OnDropFiles | ( | wxDropFilesEvent & | event | ) |

This event handler function implements default drag and drop behaviour, which is to load the first dropped file into the control.

Parameters:

  | event | The drop files event.

Remarks:
  This is not implemented on non-Windows platforms.

See also:
  wxDropFilesEvent

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | const wxString & | s | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | wchar_t | c | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | float | f | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | double | d | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | char | c | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | int | i | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

wxTextCtrl& wxTextCtrl::operator<< | ( | long | i | ) |

Operator definitions for appending to a text control.

These operators can be used as with the standard C++ streams, for example:

                wxTextCtrl *wnd = new wxTextCtrl(my_frame);

                (*wnd) << "Welcome to text control number " << 1 << ".\n";

virtual bool wxTextCtrl::PositionToXY | ( | long | pos,
|  | long * | x,
|  | long * | y |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Converts given position to a zero-based column, line number pair.

Parameters:

  | pos | Position.
  | x | Receives zero based column number.
  | y | Receives zero based line number.

Returns:
  true on success, false on failure (most likely due to a too large position parameter).

wxPerl Note: In wxPerl this function takes only the pos argument and returns a 2-element list (x, y).

See also:
  XYToPosition()

bool wxTextCtrl::SaveFile | ( | const wxString & | filename = `wxEmptyString`,
|  | int | fileType = `wxTEXT_TYPE_ANY` |
| ) |  |  |

Saves the contents of the control in a text file.

Parameters:

  | filename | The name of the file in which to save the text.
  | fileType | The type of file to save. This is currently ignored in wxTextCtrl.

Returns:
  true if the operation was successful, false otherwise.

virtual bool wxTextCtrl::SetDefaultStyle | ( | const wxTextAttr & | style | ) | `[virtual]`

Changes the default style to use for the new text which is going to be added to the control using WriteText() or AppendText().

If either of the font, foreground, or background colour is not set in style, the values of the previous default style are used for them. If the previous default style didn't set them neither, the global font or colours of the text control itself are used as fall back.

However if the style parameter is the default wxTextAttr, then the default style is just reset (instead of being combined with the new style which wouldn't change it at all).

Parameters:

  | style | The style for the new text.

Returns:
  true on success, false if an error occurred (this may also mean that the styles are not supported under this platform).

See also:
  GetDefaultStyle()

void wxTextCtrl::SetModified | ( | bool | modified | ) |

Marks the control as being modified by the user or not.

See also:
  MarkDirty(), DiscardEdits()

virtual bool wxTextCtrl::SetStyle | ( | long | start,
|  | long | end,
|  | const wxTextAttr & | style |
| ) |  |  | `[virtual]`

Changes the style of the given range.

If any attribute within style is not set, the corresponding attribute from GetDefaultStyle() is used.

Parameters:

  | start | The start of the range to change.
  | end | The end of the range to change.
  | style | The new style for the range.

Returns:
  true on success, false if an error occurred (this may also mean that the styles are not supported under this platform).

See also:
  GetStyle(), wxTextAttr

virtual void wxTextCtrl::ShowPosition | ( | long | pos | ) | `[virtual]`

Makes the line containing the given position visible.

Parameters:

  | pos | The position that should be visible.

virtual long wxTextCtrl::XYToPosition | ( | long | x,
|  | long | y |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Converts the given zero based column and line number to a position.

Parameters:

  | x | The column number.
  | y | The line number.

Returns:
  The position value, or -1 if x or y was invalid.

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