The this in your stored object loses the context of the initiating jQuery object and points, rather, to itself.
this, in the context of your .data() object, looks like:
{
me: function() {
console.log(this.parent())
}
}
Your object doesn't inherit the jQuery prototype, so it does not have a .parent() method. And there isn't a clean way of getting — or providing — reference to the $('#test') from inside the .data() structure.
You can work around that — again, not as elegantly as you had wanted — by providing some sort of reference to $('#test') when you create the .data()…
$('#test').data('func', {
$el: $( '#test' ),
me: function() {
console.log( this.$el[0] );
}
});
This will get you the <div id="#test"> element; at the cost of being dependent on explicitly referencing the element with each instance.
$('#test').data('func', {
$el: $( '#test' ),
me: function() {
console.log( this.$el[0] );
}
});
$('#test').data('func').me();
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="test"></div>