In short, you don't. Services do not produce interactive output and are not attached to the original 'systemctl' terminal in any way – they're services, and their output goes to the system log (journal). Anything you 'echo' will be visible in systemctl status of the service.
(Second, redirecting something to > /dev/stdout is completely redundant, as the text from 'echo' is already being written to stdout, so you're just redirecting stdout to itself. It's just that the stdout of a service is not attached to your terminal – it's attached to a log pipe.
The redirection fails with an error message because of the strange way /dev/fd works on Linux; it's a bug that went unfixed for two decades and will never be fixed. Services do have an "stdout", but it is attached to an anonymous pipe, not a file, and cannot be re-opened the way /dev/fd tries to do it.)