System.Web.HttpApplication.GetFactory(String type) throwing an error. How to discover exactly what object is null?

Question

StackTrace 3/9/2025 11:15:55 AM
Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
Source File: /UserLogin.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2f
Stack Trace: 
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.GetFactory(String type)
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStepImpl(IExecutionStep step)
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)

So that's all the information I am provided with. So how do I add code or otherwise determine exactly what is null?

According to my logging, the error occurs immediately after Global.Application_Start finishes. The WebForms based website's default page is Default.aspx with the user being redirected to Userlogin.aspx to perform the login.

Can I safely assume the error is located within the UserLogin.aspx page?

No errors are recorded in the Event Viewer.

Later:

Further to the above, the above error occurs whenever a request is received after deleting app_offline.htm . For the first time after many tries, the following error was recorded in the event log whilst the site was off_line and the following detailed request was made.

Log Name:      Application
Source:        ASP.NET 4.0.30319.0
Date:          09-Mar-25 3:07:25 PM
Event ID:      1309
Task Category: Web Event
Level:         Warning
Keywords:      Classic
User:          N/A
Computer:      DESKTOP-68N83BL
Description:
Event code: 3005 
Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. 
Event time: 3/9/2025 3:07:25 PM 
Event time (UTC): 3/9/2025 4:07:25 AM 
Event ID: 2a41ce4c8d90409ca534165f90ed1050 
Event sequence: 1 
Event occurrence: 1 
Event detail code: 0 
 
Application information: 
    Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/1/ROOT-6-133859668450365885 
    Trust level: Full 
    Application Virtual Path: / 
    Application Path: C:\Program Files\webserver\htdocs\ 
    Machine name: DESKTOP-68N83BL 
 
Process information: 
    Process ID: 12156 
    Process name: w3wp.exe 
    Account name: IIS APPPOOL\<redacted> 
 
Exception information: 
    Exception type: TypeInitializationException 
    Exception message: The type initializer for '<Module>' threw an exception.
   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor, Boolean& bNeedSecurityCheck)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes, StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture)
   at System.Web.HttpRuntime.CreateNonPublicInstance(Type type, Object[] args)
   at System.Web.HttpApplicationFactory.GetSpecialApplicationInstance(IntPtr appContext, HttpContext context)
   at System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.InitializeApplication(IntPtr appContext)

Attempted to access an unloaded AppDomain.
   at .cctor()

 
 
Request information: 
    Request URL: https://<redacted>.com.au:443/isonline.html 
    Request path: /isonline.html 
    User host address: 14.200.189.202 
    User:  
    Is authenticated: False 
    Authentication Type:  
    Thread account name: IIS APPPOOL\<redacted> 
 
Thread information: 
    Thread ID: 49 
    Thread account name: IIS APPPOOL\<redacted> 
    Is impersonating: False 
    Stack trace:    at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal& ctor, Boolean& bNeedSecurityCheck)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes, StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture)
   at System.Web.HttpRuntime.CreateNonPublicInstance(Type type, Object[] args)
   at System.Web.HttpApplicationFactory.GetSpecialApplicationInstance(IntPtr appContext, HttpContext context)
   at System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.InitializeApplication(IntPtr appContext)
 
 
Custom event details: 

Event Xml:
<Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
  <System>
    <Provider Name="ASP.NET 4.0.30319.0" />
    <EventID Qualifiers="32768">1309</EventID>
    <Version>0</Version>
    <Level>3</Level>
    <Task>3</Task>
    <Opcode>0</Opcode>
    <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords>
    <TimeCreated SystemTime="2025-03-09T04:07:25.1803273Z" />
    <EventRecordID>389809</EventRecordID>
    <Correlation />
    <Execution ProcessID="0" ThreadID="0" />
    <Channel>Application</Channel>
    <Computer>DESKTOP-68N83BL</Computer>
    <Security />
  </System>
  <EventData>
    <Data>3005</Data>
    <Data>An unhandled exception has occurred.</Data>
    <Data>3/9/2025 3:07:25 PM</Data>
    <Data>3/9/2025 4:07:25 AM</Data>
    <Data>2a41ce4c8d90409ca534165f90ed1050</Data>
    <Data>1</Data>
    <Data>1</Data>
    <Data>0</Data>
    <Data>/LM/W3SVC/1/ROOT-6-133859668450365885</Data>
    <Data>Full</Data>
    <Data>/</Data>
    <Data>C:\Program Files\<redacted>\webserver\htdocs\</Data>
    <Data>DESKTOP-68N83BL</Data>
    <Data>
    </Data>
    <Data>12156</Data>
    <Data>w3wp.exe</Data>
    <Data>IIS APPPOOL\<redacted></Data>
    <Data>TypeInitializationException</Data>
    <Data>The type initializer for '&lt;Module&gt;' threw an exception.
   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean&amp; canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal&amp; ctor, Boolean&amp; bNeedSecurityCheck)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark&amp; stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes, StackCrawlMark&amp; stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture)
   at System.Web.HttpRuntime.CreateNonPublicInstance(Type type, Object[] args)
   at System.Web.HttpApplicationFactory.GetSpecialApplicationInstance(IntPtr appContext, HttpContext context)
   at System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.InitializeApplication(IntPtr appContext)

Attempted to access an unloaded AppDomain.
   at .cctor()

</Data>
    <Data>https://<redacted>.com.au:443/isonline.html</Data>
    <Data>/isonline.html</Data>
    <Data>14.200.189.202</Data>
    <Data>
    </Data>
    <Data>False</Data>
    <Data>
    </Data>
    <Data>IIS APPPOOL\<redacted></Data>
    <Data>49</Data>
    <Data>IIS APPPOOL\<redacted></Data>
    <Data>False</Data>
    <Data>   at System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean&amp; canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandleInternal&amp; ctor, Boolean&amp; bNeedSecurityCheck)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipCheckThis, Boolean fillCache, StackCrawlMark&amp; stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic)
   at System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes, StackCrawlMark&amp; stackMark)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture, Object[] activationAttributes)
   at System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, BindingFlags bindingAttr, Binder binder, Object[] args, CultureInfo culture)
   at System.Web.HttpRuntime.CreateNonPublicInstance(Type type, Object[] args)
   at System.Web.HttpApplicationFactory.GetSpecialApplicationInstance(IntPtr appContext, HttpContext context)
   at System.Web.Hosting.PipelineRuntime.InitializeApplication(IntPtr appContext)
</Data>
  </EventData>
</Event>

Is it possible that this error is not cleared and causes the headed exception?

This question is similar to: Fastest way to break in WinDbg for specific exception? .net 4.0 app. If you believe it’s different, please edit the question, make it clear how it’s different and/or how the answers on that question are not helpful for your problem. — Lex Li
– Lex Li, Commented Apr 21 at 6:01

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