Your problem is that you need to use constraint object property of the MapView, that is were minZoom and maxZoom are set.
Here is an example I made for you,
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
<title>Zoom Constraints</title>
<style>
html,
body,
#viewDiv {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://js.arcgis.com/4.14/esri/themes/light/main.css" />
<script src="https://js.arcgis.com/4.14/"></script>
<script>
require(["esri/Map", "esri/views/MapView"], function(Map, MapView) {
var map = new Map({
basemap: "streets"
});
var view = new MapView({
container: "viewDiv",
map: map,
zoom: 4,
center: [15, 65]
});
document.getElementById("min").value = view.constraints.minZoom;
document.getElementById("max").value = view.constraints.maxZoom;
document.getElementById("updateButton").onclick = function updateZoomConstraints() {
var min = document.getElementById("min").value;
var max = document.getElementById("max").value;
console.log(`min:${min} max:${max}`)
if (min < max) {
view.constraints.minZoom = min;
view.constraints.maxZoom = max;
}
}
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<label for="min">Min Zoom:</label>
<input id="min" type="number" min="2" max="18">
<label for="max">Max Zoom:</label>
<input id="max" type="number" min="0" max="17">
<button id="updateButton">Update Zoom Constraints</button>
</div>
<div id="viewDiv"></div>
</body>
</html>
ArcGIS API - MapView consraints