Postgresql is most likely configured to trust anyone. This is configured int the file pg_hba.conf which is located in the data directory of postgresql. I do not know where homebrew places the data dir. However if you issue the following command in a terminal:
ps aux | grep postmaster
you will get a response like:
postgres 63 0,0 0,1 2472288 4888 ?? Ss 12:19pm 0:00.85 /Library/PostgreSQL/9.0/bin/postmaster -D/Library/PostgreSQL/9.0/data
The part after -D is the location of your data directory. You might have to resize your terminal to make it fit.
Open the pg_hba.conf with your favorite editor like:
sudo vi <datadir>/pg_hba.conf
The file contains (on all installations I have seen) a fair bit of comment describing the settings. The actual settings are a the bottom of the file. I suspect that one or more of those lines end in trust. Change these into md5 to get password verification.