$installer = Mage::getResourceModel('catalog/setup','default_setup');
$installer->startSetup();
$attributeCode = 'my_attribute';
$entity = Mage_Catalog_Model_Product::ENTITY;
// create a new attribute if it doesn't exist
$existingAttribute = $installer->getAttribute($entity, $attributeCode);
if (empty($existingAttribute)) {
$installer->addAttribute($entity, $attributeCode, array(<configure your attribute here>));
}
$attributeId = $installer->getAttributeId($entity, $attributeCode);
// add it to all attribute sets' default group
foreach ($installer->getAllAttributeSetIds($entity) as $setId) {
$installer->addAttributeToSet(
$entity,
$setId,
$installer->getDefaultAttributeGroupId($entity, $setId),
$attributeId
);
}
$installer->endSetup();