Although you could add your own DataAnnotation type attribute extensions and decorate your model / view model properties accordingly (as per this blog post), this would be a horrid pollution of concerns IMO.
Somewhat better would be to use a similar technique and instead of rendering hard coded widths, instead decorate your model properties with a CSS class and then use CSS to control the formatting accordingly. However, purists may still still disagree - even applying a CSS class to a view model could be crossing the line.
e.g.
[HtmlProperties(CssClass="LargeTextBox")]
[Required]
public int Name{ get; set; }
with the idea that the rendered Html is
<input type="text" value="" name="Name" id="Name" class="LargeTextBox"/>
The actual widths would be controlled in an appropriate .css