First make sure that you compiled OpenCV on your system, as OpenCV's linux bundle hasn't got pre-compiled libs (unlike Windows bundle). Follow this tutorial.
For a starting point, build up Eclipse as IDE and follow this tutorial. It shouldn't be so hard to adopt if you already used Visual Studio (MSVC Windows compiler).
Later on, it would be wise to learn about gcc (official linux compiler for your c++ code) and its syntax, and maybe together with CMake. Because learning the terminal and g++ syntax suddenly accelerates the development process. Linux has got many opportunities for a developer, such as pkg-config, which links all the libs and headers automatically (well, almost). You can also go for learning CMake for cross platform development and let it use "gcc" by default; example here.
Also note that, using cygwin, you can actually compile & build linux binaries on a Windows platform. For the opposite; check MinGW.
Good luck.
EDIT: other cross platform solutions
VisualGDB
Qt