Why lambda function keeps the form of the last step of loop? [duplicate]

Question

I was trying to create a list of lambda functions for a list of strings.

columns = ['a', 'b', 'c']
formats = []
for i, v in enumerate(columns)
    formats.append(lambda x: str(i + 1) + '%4f' %x)

and the output of formats[0](12) was supposed to be 1:12.0000

but the result turns out that no mater I use formats[0](13), formats[1](26) or formats[2](12), the output is always like 3:##.####.

It seems that it always keep the format of the last loop. Why? Could anyone help?

Alex Shkop · Accepted Answer · 2014-05-22 12:00:43Z

2

See http://www.toptal.com/python/top-10-mistakes-that-python-programmers-make error #6. Python binds variables in closures when function is called, not when it is defined.

answered May 22, 2014 at 12:00

Alex Shkop

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1 Comment

Thanks! exactly the same problem. Really helpful.

John La Rooy · Accepted Answer · 2014-05-22 12:00:09Z

1

This is because the value of i isn't bound to the lambda at creation time. One way to get around this is to pass it in as a default argument

formats.append(lambda x, i=i: str(i + 1) + '%4f' %x)

answered May 22, 2014 at 12:00

John La Rooy

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