I used the semiologx command to generate these two plots, but I need the plot to show more reference values on the X axis.

How can this be accomplished in MATLAB?
It seems your plot was generated by semilogx, not semilogy. Anyway you can set the values on the x axis (called "ticks") using (for example):
set(gca, 'xtick', [1 10 100 1000])
The 1st argument is the axis handle you wish to change, in this example I just use gca which stands for "get current axes", and returns the currently active axes.