I see this syntax in scala. val variable = new SomeClass("arguments") {...}. Why is there a body after new and how's it different from the java way of creating an object
That's no just a instance of SomeClass, it's also an extension of that class. This syntax creates a anonymous subclass of SomeClass and instantiate the new subclass.
I don't think your question, as is, has anything to do with class initialization.
{...}will implement or override methods or val of that trait, same if SomeClass is a class.