This print("{0:10d}".format(5)) will print 5 after 9 blanks. For more reference on formatting in python refer this.

In general case, we could use string .format():

>>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')
'left aligned                  '
>>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')
'                 right aligned'
>>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')
'           centered           '
>>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered')  # use '*' as a fill char
'***********centered***********'

We could also do that with f strings for python >3.6

>>> f"{'left aligned':<30}"
'left aligned                  '
>>> f"{'right aligned':>30}"
'                 right aligned'
>>> f"{'centered':^30}"
'           centered           '
>>> f"{'centered':*^30}"  # use '*' as a fill char
'***********centered***********'

I would do something like this:

>>> print(10*' ',10)
           10
>>> print(5*' ',5)
      5
>>> x=5
>>> print(x*' ',x)
      5
>>> 

You could try this

x = " "
y = 10
print((x*5), y)

And your output will be

     10

You assign x to a string with a space, then when printing, you simply multiply the string with space by the number of spaces you want before y.

Using ljust or rjust:

These python methods take a string and pad it either on the left or right to make it a set number of chars for printing to the console as you want.

To give an example with .rjust:

num = 1234
chars = 9
print(str(num).rjust(chars))

this will output:

"     1234"

or using .ljust would give you:

"1234     "

One thing to note is that .ljust and .rjust are significantly different to printing a set number of spaces ' ' before or after the int as they allow you to specify the total length of the string rather than the whitespace before it. This is a key thing to consider for example when printing a table as with these methods, the columns can be made to be set widths making it neat. Whereas simply adding spaces beforehand will result in varying widths as the number of digits of the integers will change causing the total string length to change making the widths vary.

Of course, if you wanted to, you could still specify the total string length and then calculate how many spaces need placing before or after the int.

So .rjust may be something like:

num = 1234
chars = 9
print(' ' * (chars - len(str(num))) + str(num))

noticing that here, I have concatenated the num as a string onto the whitespace with + rather than using a comma in the print statement as the comma will place an added space between the two.

and .ljust would be the same but the num printed first:

print(str(num) + ' ' * (chars - len(str(num))))

however, all this work is unnecessary and looks very messy considering you can just use the original two built-in python methods :)

You can just use the C-like printf in python3:

Your C printf:

printf("%3d", 10);
console: " 10"`

printf("%5d", 5);
console: "    5"

In Python3 is:

print("%3d" % (10));
console: " 10"`

print("%5d" %  (5));
console: "    5"

So to use the C-like printf in Python3, put a "%" instead of a ",".
After that, you just need to use a tuple for the arguments.

A more general case (I get a debug trace from one of my programs):

print("Router: %-5s, subnetToDest: %-20s with hop: %-20s" % (r, s[0], s[1]))
Router: r0   , subnetToDest: 100.30.0.0/16        with hop: Local  

PD, the - in the last example means right alignment.