Haskell: where is the "parse error in pattern" [duplicate]

Question

This is the code I have:

connected :: [(Integer,Integer)] -> Bool
connected [] = True
connected [(_,_)] = True
connected (a,b):(c,d):xs
                 | a > c     = False
                 |otherwise = connected (c,d):xs

When I load it GHCi it shows

error: parse error in pattern: connected

Where did I make a mistake?

Minor style note: foo | x = False | otherwise = something is (IMO) more commonly written as foo = not x && something. In your case, you can use connected (...) = a <= c && connected (...). — chi
– chi, Commented Sep 6, 2017 at 6:48

Chris Martin · Accepted Answer · 2017-09-06 05:42:44Z

6

You need to add parentheses around your cons expressions in two places:

connected :: [(Integer,Integer)] -> Bool
connected [] = True
connected [(_,_)] = True
connected ((a,b):(c,d):xs)                           -- (2)
                 | a > c     = False
                 | otherwise = connected ((c,d):xs)  -- (1)

Function application binds more tightly than infix operators, so connected (c,d) : xs gets parsed as (connected (c,d)) : xs.
A similar thing happens in the pattern expression. Although the unhelpful error message you get there is rather unfortunate.

Opinionated side note: I recommend always writing infix operators with spaces around them (for example, a : b instead of a:b), because I think omitting the whitespace subtly implies that the operator binds more tightly than it really does.

edited Sep 6, 2017 at 5:42

answered Sep 6, 2017 at 5:09

Chris Martin

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