when i open CodeIgniter project than it can display not able to connect to database
Error message A Database Error Occurred Unable to connect to your database server using the provided settings. Filename: C:\wamp\www\CodeIgniter-Standard-Project-master\system\database\DB_driver.php
Line Number: 76
DB_driver.php
<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
class CI_DB_driver {
var $username = 'root';
var $password = '';
var $hostname = 'localhost';
var $database = 'groups';
var $dbdriver = 'mysql';
var $dbprefix = '';
var $char_set = 'utf8';
var $dbcollat = 'utf8_general_ci';
var $autoinit = TRUE; // Whether to automatically initialize the DB
var $swap_pre = '';
var $port = '';
var $pconnect = true;
var $conn_id = FALSE;
var $result_id = FALSE;
var $db_debug = true;
var $benchmark = 0;
var $query_count = 0;
var $bind_marker = '?';
var $save_queries = TRUE;
var $queries = array();
var $query_times = array();
var $data_cache = array();
var $trans_enabled = TRUE;
var $trans_strict = TRUE;
var $_trans_depth = 0;
var $_trans_status = TRUE; // Used with transactions to determine if a rollback should occur
var $cache_on = FALSE;
var $cachedir = '';
var $cache_autodel = FALSE;
var $CACHE; // The cache class object
var $_protect_identifiers = TRUE;
var $_reserved_identifiers = array('*'); // Identifiers that should NOT be escaped
// These are use with Oracle
var $stmt_id;
var $curs_id;
var $limit_used;
function __construct($params)
{
if (is_array($params))
{
foreach ($params as $key => $val)
{
$this->$key = $val;
}
}
log_message('debug', 'Database Driver Class Initialized');
}
function initialize()
{
// If an existing connection resource is available
// there is no need to connect and select the database
if (is_resource($this->conn_id) OR is_object($this->conn_id))
{
return TRUE;
}
$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect == FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
// No connection resource? Throw an error
if ( ! $this->conn_id)
{
log_message('error', 'Unable to connect to the database');
if ($this->db_debug)
{
$this->display_error('db_unable_to_connect');
}
return FALSE;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Select the DB... assuming a database name is specified in the config file
if ($this->database != '')
{
if ( ! $this->db_select())
{
log_message('error', 'Unable to select database: '.$this->database);
if ($this->db_debug)
{
$this->display_error('db_unable_to_select', $this->database);
}
return FALSE;
}
else
{
// We've selected the DB. Now we set the character set
if ( ! $this->db_set_charset($this->char_set, $this->dbcollat))
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
function db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
{
if ( ! $this->_db_set_charset($this->char_set, $this->dbcollat))
{
log_message('error', 'Unable to set database connection charset: '.$this->char_set);
if ($this->db_debug)
{
$this->display_error('db_unable_to_set_charset', $this->char_set);
}
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function platform()
{
return $this->dbdriver;
}
function version()
{
if (FALSE === ($sql = $this->_version()))
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
return $this->display_error('db_unsupported_function');
}
return FALSE;
}
$driver_version_exceptions = array('oci8', 'sqlite', 'cubrid');
if (in_array($this->dbdriver, $driver_version_exceptions))
{
return $sql;
}
else
{
$query = $this->query($sql);
return $query->row('ver');
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
function query($sql, $binds = FALSE, $return_object = TRUE)
{
if ($sql == '')
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
log_message('error', 'Invalid query: '.$sql);
return $this->display_error('db_invalid_query');
}
return FALSE;
}
// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
if ( ($this->dbprefix != '' AND $this->swap_pre != '') AND ($this->dbprefix != $this->swap_pre) )
{
$sql = preg_replace("/(\W)".$this->swap_pre."(\S+?)/", "\\1".$this->dbprefix."\\2", $sql);
}
if ($this->cache_on == TRUE AND stristr($sql, 'SELECT'))
{
if ($this->_cache_init())
{
$this->load_rdriver();
if (FALSE !== ($cache = $this->CACHE->read($sql)))
{
return $cache;
}
}
}
// Compile binds if needed
if ($binds !== FALSE)
{
$sql = $this->compile_binds($sql, $binds);
}
// Save the query for debugging
if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
{
$this->queries[] = $sql;
}
// Start the Query Timer
$time_start = list($sm, $ss) = explode(' ', microtime());
// Run the Query
if (FALSE === ($this->result_id = $this->simple_query($sql)))
{
if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
{
$this->query_times[] = 0;
}
// This will trigger a rollback if transactions are being used
$this->_trans_status = FALSE;
if ($this->db_debug)
{
// grab the error number and message now, as we might run some
// additional queries before displaying the error
$error_no = $this->_error_number();
$error_msg = $this->_error_message();
// We call this function in order to roll-back queries
// if transactions are enabled. If we don't call this here
// the error message will trigger an exit, causing the
// transactions to remain in limbo.
$this->trans_complete();
// Log and display errors
log_message('error', 'Query error: '.$error_msg);
return $this->display_error(
array(
'Error Number: '.$error_no,
$error_msg,
$sql
)
);
}
return FALSE;
}
// Stop and aggregate the query time results
$time_end = list($em, $es) = explode(' ', microtime());
$this->benchmark += ($em + $es) - ($sm + $ss);
if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
{
$this->query_times[] = ($em + $es) - ($sm + $ss);
}
// Increment the query counter
$this->query_count++;
// Was the query a "write" type?
// If so we'll simply return true
if ($this->is_write_type($sql) === TRUE)
{
// If caching is enabled we'll auto-cleanup any
// existing files related to this particular URI
if ($this->cache_on == TRUE AND $this->cache_autodel == TRUE AND $this->_cache_init())
{
$this->CACHE->delete();
}
return TRUE;
}
// Return TRUE if we don't need to create a result object
// Currently only the Oracle driver uses this when stored
// procedures are used
if ($return_object !== TRUE)
{
return TRUE;
}
// Load and instantiate the result driver
$driver = $this->load_rdriver();
$RES = new $driver();
$RES->conn_id = $this->conn_id;
$RES->result_id = $this->result_id;
if ($this->dbdriver == 'oci8')
{
$RES->stmt_id = $this->stmt_id;
$RES->curs_id = NULL;
$RES->limit_used = $this->limit_used;
$this->stmt_id = FALSE;
}
// oci8 vars must be set before calling this
$RES->num_rows = $RES->num_rows();
// Is query caching enabled? If so, we'll serialize the
// result object and save it to a cache file.
if ($this->cache_on == TRUE AND $this->_cache_init())
{
$CR = new CI_DB_result();
$CR->num_rows = $RES->num_rows();
$CR->result_object = $RES->result_object();
$CR->result_array = $RES->result_array();
// Reset these since cached objects can not utilize resource IDs.
$CR->conn_id = NULL;
$CR->result_id = NULL;
$this->CACHE->write($sql, $CR);
}
return $RES;
}
function load_rdriver()
{
$driver = 'CI_DB_'.$this->dbdriver.'_result';
if ( ! class_exists($driver))
{
include_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_result.php');
include_once(BASEPATH.'database/drivers/'.$this->dbdriver.'/'.$this->dbdriver.'_result.php');
}
return $driver;
}
function simple_query($sql)
{
if ( ! $this->conn_id)
{
$this->initialize();
}
return $this->_execute($sql);
}
function trans_off()
{
$this->trans_enabled = FALSE;
}
function trans_strict($mode = TRUE)
{
$this->trans_strict = is_bool($mode) ? $mode : TRUE;
}
function trans_start($test_mode = FALSE)
{
if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
{
return FALSE;
}
// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
{
$this->_trans_depth += 1;
return;
}
$this->trans_begin($test_mode);
}
function trans_complete()
{
if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
{
return FALSE;
}
// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
if ($this->_trans_depth > 1)
{
$this->_trans_depth -= 1;
return TRUE;
}
// The query() function will set this flag to FALSE in the event that a query failed
if ($this->_trans_status === FALSE)
{
$this->trans_rollback();
// If we are NOT running in strict mode, we will reset
// the _trans_status flag so that subsequent groups of transactions
// will be permitted.
if ($this->trans_strict === FALSE)
{
$this->_trans_status = TRUE;
}
log_message('debug', 'DB Transaction Failure');
return FALSE;
}
$this->trans_commit();
return TRUE;
}
function trans_status()
{
return $this->_trans_status;
}
function compile_binds($sql, $binds)
{
if (strpos($sql, $this->bind_marker) === FALSE)
{
return $sql;
}
if ( ! is_array($binds))
{
$binds = array($binds);
}
// Get the sql segments around the bind markers
$segments = explode($this->bind_marker, $sql);
// The count of bind should be 1 less then the count of segments
// If there are more bind arguments trim it down
if (count($binds) >= count($segments)) {
$binds = array_slice($binds, 0, count($segments)-1);
}
// Construct the binded query
$result = $segments[0];
$i = 0;
foreach ($binds as $bind)
{
$result .= $this->escape($bind);
$result .= $segments[++$i];
}
return $result;
}
function is_write_type($sql)
{
if ( ! preg_match('/^\s*"?(SET|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|REPLACE|CREATE|DROP|TRUNCATE|LOAD DATA|COPY|ALTER|GRANT|REVOKE|LOCK|UNLOCK)\s+/i', $sql))
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function elapsed_time($decimals = 6)
{
return number_format($this->benchmark, $decimals);
}
function total_queries()
{
return $this->query_count;
}
function last_query()
{
return end($this->queries);
}
function escape($str)
{
if (is_string($str))
{
$str = "'".$this->escape_str($str)."'";
}
elseif (is_bool($str))
{
$str = ($str === FALSE) ? 0 : 1;
}
elseif (is_null($str))
{
$str = 'NULL';
}
return $str;
}
function escape_like_str($str)
{
return $this->escape_str($str, TRUE);
}
function primary($table = '')
{
$fields = $this->list_fields($table);
if ( ! is_array($fields))
{
return FALSE;
}
return current($fields);
}
function list_tables($constrain_by_prefix = FALSE)
{
// Is there a cached result?
if (isset($this->data_cache['table_names']))
{
return $this->data_cache['table_names'];
}
if (FALSE === ($sql = $this->_list_tables($constrain_by_prefix)))
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
return $this->display_error('db_unsupported_function');
}
return FALSE;
}
$retval = array();
$query = $this->query($sql);
if ($query->num_rows() > 0)
{
foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
{
if (isset($row['TABLE_NAME']))
{
$retval[] = $row['TABLE_NAME'];
}
else
{
$retval[] = array_shift($row);
}
}
}
$this->data_cache['table_names'] = $retval;
return $this->data_cache['table_names'];
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Determine if a particular table exists
* @access public
* @return boolean
*/
function table_exists($table_name)
{
return ( ! in_array($this->_protect_identifiers($table_name, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE), $this->list_tables())) ? FALSE : TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Fetch MySQL Field Names
*
* @access public
* @param string the table name
* @return array
*/
function list_fields($table = '')
{
// Is there a cached result?
if (isset($this->data_cache['field_names'][$table]))
{
return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
}
if ($table == '')
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
return $this->display_error('db_field_param_missing');
}
return FALSE;
}
if (FALSE === ($sql = $this->_list_columns($table)))
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
return $this->display_error('db_unsupported_function');
}
return FALSE;
}
$query = $this->query($sql);
$retval = array();
foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
{
if (isset($row['COLUMN_NAME']))
{
$retval[] = $row['COLUMN_NAME'];
}
else
{
$retval[] = current($row);
}
}
$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table] = $retval;
return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Determine if a particular field exists
* @access public
* @param string
* @param string
* @return boolean
*/
function field_exists($field_name, $table_name)
{
return ( ! in_array($field_name, $this->list_fields($table_name))) ? FALSE : TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns an object with field data
*
* @access public
* @param string the table name
* @return object
*/
function field_data($table = '')
{
if ($table == '')
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
return $this->display_error('db_field_param_missing');
}
return FALSE;
}
$query = $this->query($this->_field_data($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE)));
return $query->field_data();
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generate an insert string
*
* @access public
* @param string the table upon which the query will be performed
* @param array an associative array data of key/values
* @return string
*/
function insert_string($table, $data)
{
$fields = array();
$values = array();
foreach ($data as $key => $val)
{
$fields[] = $this->_escape_identifiers($key);
$values[] = $this->escape($val);
}
return $this->_insert($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $fields, $values);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generate an update string
*
* @access public
* @param string the table upon which the query will be performed
* @param array an associative array data of key/values
* @param mixed the "where" statement
* @return string
*/
function update_string($table, $data, $where)
{
if ($where == '')
{
return false;
}
$fields = array();
foreach ($data as $key => $val)
{
$fields[$this->_protect_identifiers($key)] = $this->escape($val);
}
if ( ! is_array($where))
{
$dest = array($where);
}
else
{
$dest = array();
foreach ($where as $key => $val)
{
$prefix = (count($dest) == 0) ? '' : ' AND ';
if ($val !== '')
{
if ( ! $this->_has_operator($key))
{
$key .= ' =';
}
$val = ' '.$this->escape($val);
}
$dest[] = $prefix.$key.$val;
}
}
return $this->_update($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $fields, $dest);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether the string has an SQL operator
*
* @access private
* @param string
* @return bool
*/
function _has_operator($str)
{
$str = trim($str);
if ( ! preg_match("/(\s|<|>|!|=|is null|is not null)/i", $str))
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Enables a native PHP function to be run, using a platform agnostic wrapper.
*
* @access public
* @param string the function name
* @param mixed any parameters needed by the function
* @return mixed
*/
function call_function($function)
{
$driver = ($this->dbdriver == 'postgre') ? 'pg_' : $this->dbdriver.'_';
if (FALSE === strpos($driver, $function))
{
$function = $driver.$function;
}
if ( ! function_exists($function))
{
if ($this->db_debug)
{
return $this->display_error('db_unsupported_function');
}
return FALSE;
}
else
{
$args = (func_num_args() > 1) ? array_splice(func_get_args(), 1) : null;
return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Set Cache Directory Path
*
* @access public
* @param string the path to the cache directory
* @return void
*/
function cache_set_path($path = '')
{
$this->cachedir = $path;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Enable Query Caching
*
* @access public
* @return void
*/
function cache_on()
{
$this->cache_on = TRUE;
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Disable Query Caching
*
* @access public
* @return void
*/
function cache_off()
{
$this->cache_on = FALSE;
return FALSE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Delete the cache files associated with a particular URI
*
* @access public
* @return void
*/
function cache_delete($segment_one = '', $segment_two = '')
{
if ( ! $this->_cache_init())
{
return FALSE;
}
return $this->CACHE->delete($segment_one, $segment_two);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Delete All cache files
*
* @access public
* @return void
*/
function cache_delete_all()
{
if ( ! $this->_cache_init())
{
return FALSE;
}
return $this->CACHE->delete_all();
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Initialize the Cache Class
*
* @access private
* @return void
*/
function _cache_init()
{
if (is_object($this->CACHE) AND class_exists('CI_DB_Cache'))
{
return TRUE;
}
if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB_Cache'))
{
if ( ! @include(BASEPATH.'database/DB_cache.php'))
{
return $this->cache_off();
}
}
$this->CACHE = new CI_DB_Cache($this); // pass db object to support multiple db connections and returned db objects
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Close DB Connection
*
* @access public
* @return void
*/
function close()
{
if (is_resource($this->conn_id) OR is_object($this->conn_id))
{
$this->_close($this->conn_id);
}
$this->conn_id = FALSE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Display an error message
*
* @access public
* @param string the error message
* @param string any "swap" values
* @param boolean whether to localize the message
* @return string sends the application/error_db.php template
*/
function display_error($error = '', $swap = '', $native = FALSE)
{
$LANG =& load_class('Lang', 'core');
$LANG->load('db');
$heading = $LANG->line('db_error_heading');
if ($native == TRUE)
{
$message = $error;
}
else
{
$message = ( ! is_array($error)) ? array(str_replace('%s', $swap, $LANG->line($error))) : $error;
}
// Find the most likely culprit of the error by going through
// the backtrace until the source file is no longer in the
// database folder.
$trace = debug_backtrace();
foreach ($trace as $call)
{
if (isset($call['file']) && strpos($call['file'], BASEPATH.'database') === FALSE)
{
// Found it - use a relative path for safety
$message[] = 'Filename: '.str_replace(array(BASEPATH, APPPATH), '', $call['file']);
$message[] = 'Line Number: '.$call['line'];
break;
}
}
$error =& load_class('Exceptions', 'core');
echo $error->show_error($heading, $message, 'error_db');
exit;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Protect Identifiers
*
* This function adds backticks if appropriate based on db type
*
* @access private
* @param mixed the item to escape
* @return mixed the item with backticks
*/
function protect_identifiers($item, $prefix_single = FALSE)
{
return $this->_protect_identifiers($item, $prefix_single);
}
function _protect_identifiers($item, $prefix_single = FALSE, $protect_identifiers = NULL, $field_exists = TRUE)
{
if ( ! is_bool($protect_identifiers))
{
$protect_identifiers = $this->_protect_identifiers;
}
if (is_array($item))
{
$escaped_array = array();
foreach ($item as $k => $v)
{
$escaped_array[$this->_protect_identifiers($k)] = $this->_protect_identifiers($v);
}
return $escaped_array;
}
// Convert tabs or multiple spaces into single spaces
$item = preg_replace('/[\t ]+/', ' ', $item);
// If the item has an alias declaration we remove it and set it aside.
// Basically we remove everything to the right of the first space
$alias = '';
if (strpos($item, ' ') !== FALSE)
{
$alias = strstr($item, " ");
$item = substr($item, 0, - strlen($alias));
}
// This is basically a bug fix for queries that use MAX, MIN, etc.
// If a parenthesis is found we know that we do not need to
// escape the data or add a prefix. There's probably a more graceful
// way to deal with this, but I'm not thinking of it -- Rick
if (strpos($item, '(') !== FALSE)
{
return $item.$alias;
}
// Break the string apart if it contains periods, then insert the table prefix
// in the correct location, assuming the period doesn't indicate that we're dealing
// with an alias. While we're at it, we will escape the components
if (strpos($item, '.') !== FALSE)
{
$parts = explode('.', $item);
// Does the first segment of the exploded item match
// one of the aliases previously identified? If so,
// we have nothing more to do other than escape the item
if (in_array($parts[0], $this->ar_aliased_tables))
{
if ($protect_identifiers === TRUE)
{
foreach ($parts as $key => $val)
{
if ( ! in_array($val, $this->_reserved_identifiers))
{
$parts[$key] = $this->_escape_identifiers($val);
}
}
$item = implode('.', $parts);
}
return $item.$alias;
}
// Is there a table prefix defined in the config file? If not, no need to do anything
if ($this->dbprefix != '')
{
// We now add the table prefix based on some logic.
// Do we have 4 segments (hostname.database.table.column)?
// If so, we add the table prefix to the column name in the 3rd segment.
if (isset($parts[3]))
{
$i = 2;
}
// Do we have 3 segments (database.table.column)?
// If so, we add the table prefix to the column name in 2nd position
elseif (isset($parts[2]))
{
$i = 1;
}
// Do we have 2 segments (table.column)?
// If so, we add the table prefix to the column name in 1st segment
else
{
$i = 0;
}
// This flag is set when the supplied $item does not contain a field name.
// This can happen when this function is being called from a JOIN.
if ($field_exists == FALSE)
{
$i++;
}
// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
if ($this->swap_pre != '' && strncmp($parts[$i], $this->swap_pre, strlen($this->swap_pre)) === 0)
{
$parts[$i] = preg_replace("/^".$this->swap_pre."(\S+?)/", $this->dbprefix."\\1", $parts[$i]);
}
// We only add the table prefix if it does not already exist
if (substr($parts[$i], 0, strlen($this->dbprefix)) != $this->dbprefix)
{
$parts[$i] = $this->dbprefix.$parts[$i];
}
// Put the parts back together
$item = implode('.', $parts);
}
if ($protect_identifiers === TRUE)
{
$item = $this->_escape_identifiers($item);
}
return $item.$alias;
}
// Is there a table prefix? If not, no need to insert it
if ($this->dbprefix != '')
{
// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
if ($this->swap_pre != '' && strncmp($item, $this->swap_pre, strlen($this->swap_pre)) === 0)
{
$item = preg_replace("/^".$this->swap_pre."(\S+?)/", $this->dbprefix."\\1", $item);
}
// Do we prefix an item with no segments?
if ($prefix_single == TRUE AND substr($item, 0, strlen($this->dbprefix)) != $this->dbprefix)
{
$item = $this->dbprefix.$item;
}
}
if ($protect_identifiers === TRUE AND ! in_array($item, $this->_reserved_identifiers))
{
$item = $this->_escape_identifiers($item);
}
return $item.$alias;
}
}
