MongoDB Query by DateTime with Python

Question

I want to query MongoDB and return records that have the date of 12/6/2017. The date is in this format:

u'Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 12, 6, 15, 9, 21, 303000)

So, how do I query just the year, month, and day of that entry? I have tried:

date = db.data.find({ 'Date' : {'2017, 12, 6'} },{'Date' : '1'})
for document in date:
     print(date)

Which returns: "InvalidDocument: Cannot encode object: set(['2017, 12, 6'])".

I also tried:

date = db.data.find({ 'Date' : {datetime('2017, 12, 6')} },{'Date' : '1'})
for document in date:
    print(date)

Which returns: "NameError: name 'datetime' is not defined".

UPDATE...SOLUTION I was putting the date into Mongo incorrectly. I'm now putting the date into Mongo with Python like this:

import datetime
import dateutil.parser

# the date
now = datetime.datetime.now()
year = now.year
month = now.month
day = now.day
theDate = str(year) + "-" + str(month) + "-" + str(day)
dateStr = theDate
date = dateutil.parser.parse(dateStr)
# Then put that date into your Mongo insert

This is how I'm querying by date. This pulls documents inserted after yersterday (today).

import dateutil.parser, datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
year = now.year
month = now.month
yesterday = now.day - 1
dateStr = str(year) + "-" + str(month) + "-" + str(yesterday)
date = dateutil.parser.parse(dateStr)

cursor = db.data.find({'Date' : { '$gt' : date}},{'Date':'1'})
for document in cursor:
    print(document)

Eric · Accepted Answer · 2017-12-06 19:59:20Z

2

When you say the object is stored as datetime.datetime, to what are you referring? A custom object?

Per the Mongo docs, this is the only date object they support explicity: https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.4/reference/method/Date/

From the Docs:

Date() Returns a date either as a string or as a Date object.

Date() returns the current date as a string in the mongo shell. new Date() returns the current date as a Date object. The mongo shell wraps the Date object with the ISODate helper. The ISODate is in UTC. You can specify a particular date by passing to the Date() method a datetime string. For example:

new Date("") which returns the ISODate with the specified date. new Date("") which specifies the datetime in local datetime and returns the ISODate with the specified datetime in UTC. new Date("") which specifies the datetime in UTC and returns the ISODate with the specified datetime in UTC.

To create a query to search on a Date field in mongo, you would instatiate an ISODate like this

db.collection.find({"datefield" : ISODate("YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS")})

Generally, this will be of somewhat limited use, since the time is measured in milliseconds, so you'll likely need to do a range query similar to:

db.collection.find({"datefield" : {"$gte" : <beginning_of_day_as_ISODate>, "$lte" : <end_of_day_as_ISODate>})

For example:

{createdDate : {$gte : ISODate("2017-12-06T00:00:00"), $lte : ISODate("2017-12-06T23:59:59")}}

If you are using a custom date object, or storing the date in some non-standard format, your query will need to be tailored to that object.

answered Dec 6, 2017 at 19:59

Eric

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2 Comments

Randy Over a year ago

Thank you, Eric. Before inserting these records, I defined the date like this: date = datetime.now(). I will update this to what the Mongo docs say.

Randy Over a year ago

It just needed to be changed to: date = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

Anirudh Bagri · Accepted Answer · 2017-12-06 20:01:31Z

0

You can try out something like this

date = db.data.find({ 'Date' : {new ISODate("2017-12-6T23:59:59Z") } },{'Date' : '1'})

for document in date: 
print(date)

Or you could try out this,

date = db.data.find({ 'Date' : {new Date(2017,12,6) } },{'Date' : '1'})
for document in date: 
    print(date)

answered Dec 6, 2017 at 20:01

Anirudh Bagri

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1 Comment

Randy Over a year ago

Thank you, Anirudh. Unfortunately these two didn't work. I was defining date as: date = datetime.now(), and I think I need to change that to what the Mongo docs suggest.

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