I would like to do the following:
{% for i in 0..10 %}
{% if content_{{ i }}_raw == 2 %}
...
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
Is it possible to get {{ i }} inside the variable content_1_raw and replace the 1 with the value of i?
Yes. The _context variable holds all variables in the current context. You can access its values with the bracket notation or using the attribute function:
{% for i in 0..10 %}
{% if _context['content_' ~ i ~ '_raw'] == 2 %}
...
{% endif %}
{# or #}
{% if attribute(_context, 'content_' ~ i ~ '_raw') == 2 %}
...
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
I have written more details about this here: Symfony2 - How to access dynamic variable names in twig
Also, instead of writing 'content_' ~ i ~ '_raw' (tilde, ~, is string concatenation operator), you can also use string interpolation:
"content_#{i}_raw"