Django how to check if objects contains string in multiple fields

Question

So I have a model called Puzzle which contains a title, question, and a subject. I want to be able to search for puzzles by entering a string. My search bar also contains three checkboxes: - title - question - subject

I want to somehow be able to query my database to see if the ticked fields contain the search text. For example, if title and question were ticked, I would query to see if the puzzle's title contains this string OR its questions contains the string. Is there any way to query this in Django?

I know that if I wanted to check just one of these fields, for instance the title, I could just do this:

Puzzle.objects.filter(title__contains=search_text)

But I want to be able to dynamically query the fields that are ticked.

Currently, my view contains three boolean values: title, question, and subject. The boolean is True is it is ticked, and false if it is not ticked.

How can I manipulate these three booleans along with Django queries to be able to dynamically query my database?

Thank you

Antoine Pinsard · Accepted Answer · 2020-07-21 15:42:29Z

You can do OR queries using Q objects:

from django.db.models import Q

Puzzle.objects.filter(
    Q(title__contains=search_text) |
    Q(question__contains=search_text) |
    Q(subject__contains=search_text)
)

Of course you can build this Q object dynamically:

q = Q()
if title:
    q |= Q(title__contains=search_text)
if question:
    q |= Q(question__contains=search_text)
if subject:
    q |= Q(subject__contains=search_text)

# If you want no result if none of the fields is selected
if q:
    queryset = Puzzle.objects.filter(q)
else:
    queryset = Puzzle.objects.none()

# Or if you want all results if none of the fields is selected
queryset = Puzzle.objects.filter(q)

If you have all selected fields in a list (ie. search_fields = ['title', 'subject'], you can even make it more generic:

from functools import reduce
from operators import or_

q = reduce(or_, [Q(**{f'{f}__contains': search_text}) for f in search_fields], Q())
Puzzle.objects.filter(q)

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