Representing repeating attributes in JSON-LD

Question

I would like to know how to represent repeating attributes using JSON-LD (recommended by Google) and Schema.org specifications. For example, how should we represent an Article with N Comments (N > 1)?

It is allowed to have an array as comment value like my example below. Seems yes as Google testing tool likes it.

But it is allowed to use a flat @graph representation instead? How? I have to evolve a site and this representation could be easier to implement.

I imagine that both are allowed? Then how to choose?

My example:

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context" : "http:\/\/schema.org",
  "@type" : "Article",
  "url" : "https:\/\/exemple.com/article?id=1234",
  "author" :{"@type" : "Person","name" : "Didier"},
  "image" : "https:\/\/exemple.com/article.jpg",
  "mainEntityOfPage" : "https:\/\/exemple.com",
  "dateModified" : "2018-06-14T19:50:02+02:00",
  "datePublished" : "2018-06-14T19:50:02+02:00",
  "publisher" : {"@type" : "Organization","name" : "exemple.com", "logo" : {"@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https:\/\/exemple.com\/logo.png"}},
  "headline" : "my article",
  "text" : "blah blah",
  "commentCount" : 2,
  "comment" : [{
      "author" : {"@type" : "Person", "name" : "Didier"},
      "text" : "comment first!!",
      "dateCreated" : "2018-06-14T21:40:00+02:00"
},{
      "author" : {"@type" : "Person", "name" : "Robert"},
      "text" : "second comment",
      "dateCreated" : "2018-06-14T23:23:00+02:00"
}]
}
</script>

unor · Accepted Answer · 2018-07-05 07:58:32Z

4

The most simple (and most supported) way is to provide an array as value, like in your snippet:

"comment": [
  {"@type": "Comment"},
  {"@type": "Comment"}
]

If you want to use multiple top-level items (with @graph or other options), you need a way to convey that these top-level Comment items are comments for an Article.

With @id, you can give each item a URI and reference this URI as property value instead of nesting the item:

{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@type": "Article",
      "@id": "/articles/foobar",
      "comment": [
        {"@id": "/articles/foobar#comment-1"},
        {"@id": "/articles/foobar#comment-2"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Comment",
      "@id": "/articles/foobar#comment-1"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Comment",
      "@id": "/articles/foobar#comment-2"
    }
  ]
}

Instead of listing the comment URIs under Article, you could also refer to the Article within each Comment, with @reverse:

{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@type": "Article",
      "@id": "/articles/foobar"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Comment",
      "@id": "/articles/foobar#comment-1",
      "@reverse": {"comment": {"@id": "/articles/foobar"}}
    },
    {
      "@type": "Comment",
      "@id": "/articles/foobar#comment-2",
      "@reverse": {"comment": {"@id": "/articles/foobar"}}
    }
  ]
}

answered Jul 5, 2018 at 7:58

unor

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2 Comments

boly38 Over a year ago

(excellent, thanks unor!) To be 100% complete, I update your code snapshot to get a (Google tool) valid sample equivalent of myExample. cf. Gist gist.github.com/boly38/0935d8b0a83b7a2fe4254fa2a6b92113

Flow Over a year ago

Thanks @unor for sharing this. I was playing for hours getting a connection between an array of Reviews into a Product. It seems that (at least Googles Structured Data Test Tool) cannot understand named graphs yet.

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