As this seems to be something of a perennial question, another solution is to go to the base index.html, and paste in the refs that are also available from Google fonts. That also can include pre-loads which do speed up matters. For example, on one site I have the following in the :
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,400&family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
(yeah, I know, Fira Sans, bite me! :-) )
That doesn't answer the OP's question exactly, as they asked about per-component addition of fonts, but this does supply a font ref that is site-wide. Anyway, it's another possibility.
@importway described in Google Fonts works fine (check App.vue): codesandbox.io/s/5yyp394zon | Also the<link>way (check index.html): codesandbox.io/s/40v3z6vy3x