MSBuild compiler warning for javascript debugger statement
Just like as mentioned in the previously deleted answer, this issue should be more related to the Visual Studio extension rather than MSBuild.
You can use the Visual Studio extensions:
JSLint for Visual Studio
JSHint for Visual Studio
I'm currently using the JSLint from the link above and it works great.
Here are some screen shots of the settings / and my code with an
error. It won't prevent you from checking in, there would likely need
to be a check-in policy on the TFS server, but it will notify you of
the error when you build and save.
Here is the initial page where you can specify how to display the
JSLint validation messages. All of the options across the top you can
set to your liking. You can cancel the build and run the lint process
during save and / or build.
These are all of the specific JSLint rules that you can turn on or
off. I have highlighted the debugger rule that you asked about in your
question.

Certificate: Don't let check in with “debugger” in Visual Studio 2012
Hope this helps.