Newer versions (MySQL 8 and MariaDB 10+) support the REGEXP_REPLACE() function.
SELECT regexp_replace(name, '[^\\d\\w]', '') as converted_name
FROM clients
will replace all non-digit and non-word characters with an empty string.
If you need the result in uppercase, use UPPER()
SELECT upper(regexp_replace(name, '[^\\d\\w]', '')) as converted_name
FROM clients
db<>fiddle demo
If your version doesn't support REGEXP_REPLACE(), consider to do the conversion in your application language. Since you've tagged your question with mysqli, I assume that you are using PHP. Then you can use pred_replace() and strtoupper():
$row['converted_name'] = preg_replace('/[^\\d\\w]/', '', $row['name']);
$row['converted_name'] = strtoupper($row['converted_name']);
rextester demo