How to force a library(pybind11) to include <Python.h> from Python3?

Question

I'm using pybind11 library to create Python bindings for my C++ code.

When I compile my binding code file which includes <pybind11/pybind11.h>, it generates the following error:

/usr/local/include/pybind11/detail/common.h:112:10: fatal error: 'Python.h' file
      not found
#include <Python.h>

I could fix this error by changing it to #include <Python/Python.h> but the library uses Python 2.7 to generate bindings.

So I tried changing it to #include "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.6_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/Python.h" and now the library uses Python 3.7 to generate bindings which is what I want.

Although this method works, I wonder if there's any cleaner way to make the library always include headers from Python3 instead of Python2.

Thank you in advance!

P.S: I'm using macOS 10.15.2

Wim Lavrijsen · Accepted Answer · 2020-01-03 04:02:09Z

There are a couple of ways, but AFAIK, none are consistent across all platforms (which is why something like cmake (see: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example) is often preferred).

First, there is python-config, i.e. add:

`python-config --includes`

(with back-ticks) to the CLI. My problem with it, is that it is found through $PATH (thus need not match the version of python that you are running if that installation did not have a python-config) and depending on the distribution, there may be both python-config and python3-config for python2 and python3 respectively.

Second, there is module distutils:

`python3 -c 'import distutils.sysconfig as ds; print(ds.get_python_inc())'`

which has the advantage of being run from the actual python that you choose. In general, distutils isn't fully consistent across platforms either, but get_python_inc is a safe bet.

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