How do i detect or capture change of value of a global variable in python
variable = 10
print(variable)
variable = 20
# Detect changes to the value using a signal to trigger a function
UPDATE AST docs - GOOD INTRO https://greentreesnakes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
To my knowledge, it is not possible to generically capture the assignment of a global symbol in Python (At least in CPython where globals are stored in a dict in the module object, both are C types that cannot be monkey patched).
Here's a simple workaround that's a bit of a compromise. Use a wrapper object to store your monitored variables, and define __setattr__ to do whatever you want to do before (or after) setting an attribute.
class CaptureOnSetAttribute:
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
# our hook to do something
print(f'set value of {attr} to {value}')
# actually set the attribute the normal way after
super().__setattr__(attr, value)
wrapper_object = CaptureOnSetAttribute()
The compromise of course is that now instead of writing something like:
monitored_global = value
You must now write:
wrapper_object.monitored_attribute = value
object, type, and str are all implemented in C, I think most of the relevant code is here github.com/python/cpython/tree/master/Objects. If you're talking about trying to modify the Python interpreter to suit your needs, I may be out of my depth here. It also is likely out of the scope of this question so you may want to open a new one to explore furtherast library, and from searching a bit it does seem quite obscure, however I was able to find a site of "The missing Python AST documentation", greentreesnakes.readthedocs.io/en/latest. The "examples" page may be of some help to you. As a side note, according to the official docs, as of Python 3.8, ast.Str and others are now deprecated, superseded by ast.Constant. I hope this helps you a bitHow about instrument the bytecode to add a print statement before each statement that stores to the global variable. Here is an example:
from bytecode import *
def instr_monitor_var(func, varname):
print_bc = [Instr('LOAD_GLOBAL', 'print'), Instr('LOAD_GLOBAL', varname),
Instr('CALL_FUNCTION', 1), Instr('POP_TOP')]
bytecodes = Bytecode.from_code(func.__code__)
for i in reversed(range(len(bytecodes))):
if bytecodes[i].name=='STORE_GLOBAL' and bytecodes[i].arg==varname:
bytecodes[i:i]=print_bc
func.__code__=bytecodes.to_code()
def test():
global a
a = 1
instr_monitor_var(test, 'a')
test()
instr_monitor_var can instrument a function test so the global variable a will be printed out when its value is changed. Let me know if this works. Thanks!
tkinteruse classes for this - ie.IntVar()usesget()/set()to work with data but it has alsotracer(callback)to assign function(s) which will be executed when value is changed. Similar classes -Properties- usesKivy. So you could create own classes with similar functionality.ayou have a globalvariable, and then in moduleb,import a; a.variable = 123. This specific case is more doable as you can override the module object thatimport aresults in, and then override the__setitem__of that object. At that point though you are really going out of your way to do something that maybe is not meant to be done