Extract data from HTML table with Jsoup

You were on the right track, but did not reach the end. Elements is a regular ArrayList that can be looped through.
Let's write the class Stat. Objects of this class will store the data of each row. You can also write getters, setters, and other methods for your business logic:

public class Stat {
    private String rank;
    private String level;
    private String ivs;
    private String cp;
    private String att;
    private String def;
    private String sta;
    private String statProduct;
    private String maxStat;

    public Stat(String rank, String level, String ivs, String cp, String att, String def, String sta, String statProduct, String maxStat) {
        this.rank = rank;
        this.level = level;
        this.ivs = ivs;
        this.cp = cp;
        this.att = att;
        this.def = def;
        this.sta = sta;
        this.statProduct = statProduct;
        this.maxStat = maxStat;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Stat{" +
                "rank='" + rank + '\'' +
                ", level='" + level + '\'' +
                ", ivs='" + ivs + '\'' +
                ", cp='" + cp + '\'' +
                ", att='" + att + '\'' +
                ", def='" + def + '\'' +
                ", sta='" + sta + '\'' +
                ", statProduct='" + statProduct + '\'' +
                ", maxStat='" + maxStat + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

It remains only to loop through the array. Continuation of your code:

Elements rows = table.select("tr");

            for (int i = 0; i < rows.size(); i++) {
                Element row = rows.get(i);
                Elements td = t.getAllElements();
                Stat stat = new Stat(
                        td.get(1).text(),
                        td.get(2).text(),
                        td.get(3).text(),
                        td.get(4).text(),
                        td.get(5).text(),
                        td.get(6).text(),
                        td.get(7).text(),
                        td.get(8).text(),
                        td.get(9).text()
                );
                
                System.out.println(stat);
            }