Programatically creating constraints in a view isn't account for navigation controller despite using safeAreaLayoutGuide

You should really go through several auto-layout tutorials. There are many, many of them out there. After you've worked through a dozen or so, you should have a good idea of what needs to be done.

In the meantime, here is your ProfileViewController edited to give you an idea of what you were doing wrong:

class ProfileViewController : UIViewController {
    
    let imageView : UIImageView = { //creates an image view with the name "imageView"
        let image = UIImage(named: "logo")
        let imageView = UIImageView(image: image)
        return imageView
    }()
    
    let usernameLabel = UILabel()
    
    // if you're addint a target referring to "self", this must be a lazy var
    lazy var editProfileButton : UIButton = {
        let editButton = UIButton()
        editButton.backgroundColor = .orange
        editButton.setTitle("Edit Profile", for: .normal)
        editButton.setTitleColor(.white, for: .normal)
        editButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(handleEdit), for: .touchUpInside)
        return editButton
    }()
    
    @objc func handleEdit(){
        //edit handle button
        print("Edit profile")
    }
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        
        self.title = "Profile"
        
        usernameLabel.text = "Username Here"
        
        // we're going to use auto-layout
        [imageView, usernameLabel, editProfileButton].forEach {
            $0.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        }
        
        self.view.addSubview(imageView)
        self.view.addSubview(usernameLabel)
        self.view.addSubview(editProfileButton)
        
        // need FULL sets of constraints, not just TOP anchors
        
        // respect safe-area
        let g = view.safeAreaLayoutGuide
        
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            
            // image view at upper-left
            // image view 8-pts from top of safe area
            imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.topAnchor, constant: 8.0),
            // and 8-pts from left
            imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.leadingAnchor, constant: 8.0),
            // give it a width of, for example, one-quarter the view width
            imageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.widthAnchor, multiplier: 0.25),
            // give it a 1:1 ratio (square)
            imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: imageView.widthAnchor),
            
            // button at upper-right
            editProfileButton.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.topAnchor, constant: 8.0),
            editProfileButton.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.trailingAnchor, constant: -8.0),
            // no width or height... let the button size itself
            
            // label below the image view
            usernameLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: imageView.bottomAnchor, constant: 8.0),
            usernameLabel.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.leadingAnchor, constant: 8.0),
            // no width or height... let the label size itself

        ])
        
        // give the name label a background color so we can see its frame
        usernameLabel.backgroundColor = .cyan
        
    }
    
}

Review the comments in the code to understand what I did.

Result will look about like this (I used a random image for the logo):