Python & Matplotlib, plot multiple and different and uncontinuous time series

Question

I guess this is a simple question, but I've been trying for hours with no results. I have a dict that I want to see in a chart in matplotlib

At this time I'm only using the values of the dict, the keys will be used latter.
The values are lists of tuples, each tuple is a pair of a date and a number.
The lists have different lengths, and, within them, the dates have different starts and ends, and all time frames are progressive but with no sequence.
The dict can vary because is generated by the user, but it will have the same structure.
I want to create a chart with as many lines as the length of the dict.
XAxis with numbers and YAxis with dates

_mat_graph =
{'AFG': [(datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 22, 0, 0), 0.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 28, 0, 0), 8200.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 16, 0, 0), 54000.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 7, 0, 0), 120000.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 22, 0, 0), 240000.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 0, 0), 448878.0)]
 'ALB': [(datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 10, 0, 0), 0.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 12, 0, 0), 128.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 13, 0, 0), 188.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 14, 0, 0), 266.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 15, 0, 0), 308.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 16, 0, 0), 369.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 0, 0), 405.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 18, 0, 0), 447.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 19, 0, 0), 483.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 20, 0, 0), 519.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 21, 0, 0), 549.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 2, 0, 0), 549.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 9, 0, 0), 689.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 17, 0, 0), 1090.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 18, 0, 0), 2438.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 22, 0, 0), 6073.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 0, 0), 440921.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 12, 0, 0), 444755.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 13, 0, 0), 445402.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 14, 0, 0), 448571.0)]
 'AND': [(datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 25, 0, 0), 576.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 1, 0, 0), 1036.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 10, 0, 0), 1291.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 12, 0, 0), 1622.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 19, 0, 0), 2141.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 2, 24, 0, 0), 2390.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 8, 0, 0), 2439.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 10, 0, 0), 3650.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 15, 0, 0), 7098.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 5, 0, 0), 9781.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 19, 0, 0), 21733.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 26, 0, 0), 23822.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 3, 0, 0), 24182.0),
         (datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 10, 0, 0), 26931.0)]}

Now, this is the (not working...) code I'm using (SAFE_COLORS is a dict of lists of rgb colors in hex):

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.dates import drange
import numpy as np

cont = 0
for _iso, _entries in _mat_graph.items():
    graph_dates = drange(_entries[0][0], _entries[-1][0], timedelta(days=1))
    cantidades = np.array([x[1] for x in _entries])
    plt.plot_date(
        graph_dates,
        cantidades,
        color=SAFE_COLORS[12][cont],
        marker='.'
    )
    cont += 1
plt.show()

And this is the error I get:

path\to\pyfiles\main.py:1055: UserWarning: marker is redundantly defined by the 'marker' keyword argument and the fmt string "o" (-> marker='o'). The keyword argument will take precedence.
  plt.plot_date(
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "path\to\pyfiles\main.py", line 1055, in <module> plt.plot_date(
  File "path\to\pyfiles\.venv\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 3029, in plot_date
    return gca().plot_date(
  File "path\to\pyfiles\.venv\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 1361, in inner
    return func(ax, *map(sanitize_sequence, args), **kwargs)
  File "path\to\pyfiles\.venv\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py", line 1676, in plot_date
    return self.plot(x, y, fmt, **kwargs)
  File "path\to\pyfiles\.venv\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py", line 1605, in plot
    lines = [*self._get_lines(*args, data=data, **kwargs)]
  File "path\to\pyfiles\.venv\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 315, in __call__
    yield from self._plot_args(this, kwargs)
  File "path\to\pyfiles\.venv\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 501, in _plot_args
    raise ValueError(f"x and y must have same first dimension, but "
ValueError: x and y must have same first dimension, but have shapes (78,) and (6,)

Any help will be appreciated, thanks in advance,

You'll need to say what you would like to happen. Try to describe the chart what you one to produce. What kind, what will be on the x and y axis, how many etc. Also edit your question to describe what happens when you try your current approach and why this is inadequate. — Jason
– Jason, Commented May 19, 2021 at 18:26

Jody Klymak · Accepted Answer · 2021-05-19 18:41:17Z

2

I'm not exactly sure what you are trying to do with the graph_dates above, but my guess is that is your problem. Simplest is:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True)
plt.rcParams['date.converter'] = 'concise'
for key, data in _mat_graph.items():
    date = [x[0] for x in data]
    data = [x[1] for x in data]
    ax.plot(date, data, '.', ms=10, label=key)
ax.legend()
plt.show()

answered May 19, 2021 at 18:41

Jody Klymak

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2 Comments

Jerardo Over a year ago

Thanks @Jody it worked perfectly!, just, any ideas on how to give date format (something like '%Y-%m%d') to the y axis values?

Jerardo Over a year ago

found it, import matplotlib.dates as mdates | ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%b\n%d'))

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