The Docker run command is:
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=flurpgraSS -d mysql:5.7
Docker Desktop shows the container:
I can access the server from the CLI launched by Docker Desktop and the root account appears to be OK:

The Docker run command is:
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=flurpgraSS -d mysql:5.7
Docker Desktop shows the container:
I can access the server from the CLI launched by Docker Desktop and the root account appears to be OK:

We might need to expose port from docker by -p parameter, otherwise, we can't access it outside.
docker run --name some-mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Danger42! -d mysql:5.7
There is some description from Container networking
-p 3306:3306:Map TCP port 3306 in the container to port 3306 on the Docker host.
-p 5555:3306 we can connect the MySQL container by 5555 from your host