Try something like this:
import base64
import qrcode
with open("yourimage_path", "rb") as image_file:
encoded_string = base64.b64encode(image_file.read())
qr = qrcode.QRCode()
qr.add_data(encoded_string)
qr.make()
and then save, or do whatever you want with the qr.
EDIT
The qrcode dimensions has to match the dimensions of the image you are trying to encode. Choosing a too tiny dimension will result in DataOverflowError.
Change the qr code instantiation qr = qrcode.QRCode() with:
qr = qrcode.QRCode(version={"correct version"}, error_correction=qrcode.constants.{"correct error correction type"})
choosing the values that fits you necessity from a table like this
base64encoded string and then convert that string to QR code