Python ctypes pointer to array of structs

This:

#create instances
data = ctypes.POINTER(NIComplexNumberF32_struct_data)()
wfmInfo = ctypes.POINTER(niRFSA_wfmInfo_struct_data)()

Is equivalent to the following C code:

struct NIComplexNumberF32* = NULL;
struct niRFSA_wfmInfo* = NULL;

It only creates NULL pointers and causes the RuntimeError you see. Instead, create instances of each structure and pass them by address using ctypes.byref().

Here's a working example with a simplfied API since it wasn't provided: test.c

struct NIComplexNumberF32 {
    float real;
    float imaginary;
};

struct niRFSA_wfmInfo {
    double absoluteInitialX;
    double relativeInitialX;
    double xIncrement;
    double actualSamples;
    double offset;
    double gain;
    double reserved1;
    double reserved2;
};

__declspec(dllexport)  // I'm using Windows, so needs this for function export from DLL
void niRFSA_FetchIQSingleRecordComplexF32(struct NIComplexNumberF32* p1, struct niRFSA_wfmInfo* p2) {
    p1->real = 1.5f;
    p1->imaginary = 2.75f;
    p2->absoluteInitialX = 1.5;
    p2->relativeInitialX = 2.5;
    p2->xIncrement = 3.5;
    p2->actualSamples = 4.5;
    p2->offset = 5.5;
    p2->gain = 6.5;
    p2->reserved1 = 0.0;
    p2->reserved2 = 0.0;
}

test.py

import ctypes as ct

class NIComplexNumberF32(ct.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("real", ct.c_float),
                ("imaginary",  ct.c_float))

    # helper to print fields
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'({self.real}{self.imaginary:+}j)'

class niRFSA_wfmInfo(ct.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("absoluteInitialX", ct.c_double),
                ("relativeInitialX",  ct.c_double),
                ("xIncrement",  ct.c_double),
                ("actualSamples",  ct.c_double),
                ("offset",  ct.c_double),
                ("gain",  ct.c_double),
                ("reserved1",  ct.c_double),
                ("reserved2",  ct.c_double))

dll = ct.CDLL('./test')
dll.niRFSA_FetchIQSingleRecordComplexF32.argtypes = ct.POINTER(NIComplexNumberF32), ct.POINTER(niRFSA_wfmInfo)
dll.niRFSA_FetchIQSingleRecordComplexF32.restype = None

data = NIComplexNumberF32(5.125, 7.375)  # If you want to initialize the fields to something besides default
print(data)  # Uses __str__ or _repr__ function for display if defined (in that order)
wfmInfo = niRFSA_wfmInfo()  # Init fields using defaults (0.0 for double type)

# This function doesn't use the input values.
# It returns data in both structures.
dll.niRFSA_FetchIQSingleRecordComplexF32(ct.byref(data), ct.byref(wfmInfo))

print(data)  # Uses defined representation function (__repr__)

# access attributes directly...
print(wfmInfo.absoluteInitialX)
print(wfmInfo.relativeInitialX)
print(wfmInfo.gain)

Output:

(5.125+7.375j)
(1.5+2.75j)
1.5
2.5
6.5