Dapper should support it. Are you sure, your function is in the right database?
Here's a quick VB.NET example.
Using conn = IDbConnectionFactory.CreateFromProvider("System.Data.SqlClient", CONNECTION_STRING)
Dim sqlCommand As String = "SELECT dbo.fx_SumTwoValues(@valueOne,@valueTwo) As SumOfTwoValues"
conn.Open()
Dim result = (conn.Query(Of Integer)(sqlCommand, New With {.valueOne = 1, .valueTwo = 2})).First()
Console.WriteLine(result.ToString)
End Using
And here's the function I created on the same db I'm using in my connection.
CREATE FUNCTION fx_SumTwoValues
( @Val1 int, @Val2 int )
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (@Val1+@Val2)
END
GO