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Circuit in question

I would like to ask if anyone could explain to me how to calculate the Input Impedance of a given circuit, if the OPA used is an Ideal one.

The task is also to create a simplified schematic of this circuit.

I suspect, that the simplified schematic could be FDNR based.

My original approach was to describe the given circuit by Kirchhoff's laws, since the current I1 passes though the components C1 and R1, and current passing trough the R2 resistor is formed by I1+Ic2. The input impedance it self can be calculated as Z_in = U1/I1

But when I've tried to express U1 or I1 I came to a dead end.

But to be quite honest I am lost right now, please help.

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    \$\begingroup\$ The abbreviation for an operational amplifier is "op-amp" and not OPA. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Dec 31, 2024 at 18:02

1 Answer 1

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The first thing you should have done is to put your schematic into the schematic editor here. It's a lot easier on the eye:

schematic

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

(I held to your use of \$U\$ instead of \$V\$.)

I'd use brute-force KCL in the following way (using Python in SageMath and SymPy):

eq1 = Eq( u2, u3 )                                       # Ideal opamp
eq2 = Eq( u2*s*c1 + u2/r1, u1*s*c1 + u4/r1 )             # KCL U2
eq3 = Eq( u3*s*c2, io + u4*s*c2 )                        # KCL U3
eq4 = Eq( u4/r1 + u4/r2 + u4*s*c2, u2/r1 + u3*s*c2 )     # KCL U4
ans = solve( [eq1, eq2, eq3, eq4], [u2, u3, u4, io] )    # solve system
i1 = simplify( (ans[u2]-u1)*s*c1 )
zin = simplify( u1/i1 )

At this point, I do have the result. You can substitute \$s=j\omega\$ into the result, if needed. And/or try out some real part values, as well, and run a simulation to validate the approach. I'd recommend doing that. For example:

schematic

simulate this circuit

Theory says:

abs( zin.subs( {s:I*2*pi*100, r1:5e3, r2:2e3, c1:1e-6, c2:3e-6} ) ).n()
18623.6083515058

Placing this circuit into LTspice, using an LT1800 opamp model, says:

enter image description here

So it shows only a tiny difference out at the sixth decimal place. I'd call that "close enough" for validation of the approach.

Added:

zin
-c2*r1*r2*s - r1 - r2 - 1/(c1*s)
abs(zin.subs(s,I*omega))
sqrt(c2**2*omega**2*r1**2*r2**2 + r1**2 + 2*r1*r2 + r2**2 - 2*c2*r1*r2/c1 + 1/(c1**2*omega**2))
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  • \$\begingroup\$ Thank you very much for the reply, but sadly that's not what I was looking for, maybe I didn't express myself clearly enough, we were supposed to do a symbolic analysis, as in doing it on paper. I've simulated the circuit, and I knew how the symbolic expression should look like, I just didn't know by the point of me writing the above post, how to get to it. In the mean time, I've figured it out, was rather simple, just needed to express everything, using U1 and I1. Sorry for the U / V thing, that's just how we do it in school. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Jan 1 at 19:24
  • \$\begingroup\$ @gamemax23 I'll display zin in the answer, then. You can compare it with your own results. It's symbolic. Just don't forget that the abs() of that value is used -- it is a complex-valued expression. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Jan 1 at 19:35

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