An elegant way to split text into words combined with adjacent punctuation and determine which punctuation mark it is

Firstly, I realize that question title is about as terrible as the sample code I'll post below, so please bear with me while I explain the problem more clearly, and if you have a better idea for the title - be my guest and edit it.

Imagine a long plain text. It consists of words separated by punctuation marks and/or spaces. What I need to do is convert it to a list of words+punctuation marks that separate this word from the next one. And the twist is I also need to determine which punctuation mark it is (or what's the last one if there's more than one in a row). So, I need to turn the text into a collection of structures:

{
   wordFollowedByPunctuation: String;
   punctuationMark: PunctuationType; // E. g. {Point, Comma, Colon, Space, ...}
}

If all the punctuation marks were single characters, it would be easy since we could use single-pass character-wise parsing. I have a working, albeit awful, C++ prototype (using Qt - QString and QChar - for Unicode support).

Here's the TextFragment structure - I'll be converting the text into a collection of these:

struct TextFragment
{
    enum Delimiter {
        Space,
        Comma,
        Point,
        ExclamationMark,
        QuestionMark,
        Dash,
        Colon,
        Semicolon,
        Ellipsis,
        Bracket,
        Newline
    };

    inline TextFragment(const QString& text, Delimiter delimiter) : _text(text), _delimitier(delimiter) {}

    const QString _text;
    const Delimiter _delimitier;
};

And here's the actual parsing:

const QString text = readText(device);

    struct Delimiter {
        QChar delimiterCharacter;
        TextFragment::Delimiter delimiterType;

        inline bool operator< (const Delimiter& other) const {
            return delimiterCharacter < other.delimiterCharacter;
        }
    };

    static const std::set<Delimiter> delimiters {
        {' ', TextFragment::Space},
        {'.', TextFragment::Point},
        {':', TextFragment::Colon},
        {';', TextFragment::Semicolon},
        {',', TextFragment::Comma},
        // TODO: dash should be ignored unless it has an adjacent space!
        {'-', TextFragment::Dash},
        // TODO:
        // {"...", TextFragment::Ellipsis},
        {'⋯', TextFragment::Ellipsis},
        {'…', TextFragment::Ellipsis},
        {'!', TextFragment::ExclamationMark},
        {'\n', TextFragment::Newline},
        {'?', TextFragment::QuestionMark},

        {')', TextFragment::Bracket},
        {'(', TextFragment::Bracket},
        {'[', TextFragment::Bracket},
        {']', TextFragment::Bracket},
        {'{', TextFragment::Bracket},
        {'}', TextFragment::Bracket}
    };

    std::vector<TextFragment> fragments;

    QString buffer;
    bool wordEnded = false;
    TextFragment::Delimiter lastDelimiter = TextFragment::Space;
    for (QChar ch: text)
    {
        if (ch == '\r')
            continue;

        const auto it = delimiters.find({ch, TextFragment::Space});
        if (it == delimiters.end()) // Not a delimiter
        {
            if (wordEnded) // This is the first letter of a new word
            {
                fragments.emplace_back(buffer, lastDelimiter);
                wordEnded = false;
                buffer = ch;
            }
            else
                buffer += ch;
        }
        else // This is a delimiter. Append it to the current word.
        {
            lastDelimiter = it->delimiterType;
            wordEnded = true;
            buffer += ch;
        }
    }

    return fragments;

Here we have a state machine that tries hard not to look like one, and is worse for that. It works. But it has a bigger problem than coding style: some delimiters are multi-character, and it just can't handle them. One example is ellipsis consisting of 3 dots: "..." I want to tell it apart from a single dot. Another example is I want to distinguish between a hyphen and a dash. A hyphen separates parts of a compound word, e. g. "up-to-date", and as far as I'm concerned it's not a punctuation mark. A dash, on the other hand, is: "Joe — and his trusty mutt — was always welcome." Now, there is a special dash character, but in plain non-Unicode texts both are commonly represented by a hyphen ("-"). Then the only way I see to tell them apart is to only "space+hyphen+space" or "space+hyphen+other punctuation mark" as a dash.

Example: the sentence

If only he had tried... well, it doesn't matter now.

should result in

{"If ", Space},
{"only ", Space},
{"he ", Space},
{"had ", Space},
{"tried... ", Ellipsis},
{"well, ", Comma},
{"it ", Space},
{"doesn't ", Space},
{"matter ", Space},
{"now", Point}

The way I see it, I need some sort of exhaustive parsing instead of my greedy prototype (and, naturally, separators themselves should be represented by strings, not characters). What's the simplest way to do that? Can I use regular expressions for this (I'm terrible with them)?