Creating a generic array whose elements have increasing width in VHDL

There is no solution to solve your question, as you requested, but additionally to Morten's answer I'll try to provide another work around solutions.

I'll use your example: X is an array of 10 elements each with increasing length from 4 to 13.

My solution puts all the vectors into one 1-dimensional vector and eases the access to the bits with functions. The following lines try to present how the bits are organized.

--bit 84              bit 19      bit 13       bit 8       bit 4       bit 0
[X(9)(12..0)]...[X(4)(7..0)][X(3)(6..0)][X(2)(5..0)][X(1)(4..0)][X(0)(3..0)]

Step-by-Step:

1. Create a vector of INTEGERs(T_INTVEC) or more constrained a vector of NATURALs (T_NATVEC).

   type T_NATVEC is array (NATURAL range <>) of NATURAL;
   

2. Create a instance of this type and fill it with your array lengths.

   constant MY_BITS : T_NATVEC := (
     0 => 4,
     1 => 5,
     [...]
     9 => 13
   );
   

   Or use a function to calculate it:

   function generateVectorLengths return T_NATVEC is
     constant Count        : NATURAL              := 10;
     constant Startlength  : NATURAL              := 4;
     variable Result : T_NATVEC(0 to Count - 1);
   begin
     for i in 0 to Count - 1 loop
       Result(i) := StartLength + i;
     end loop;
     return Result;
   end function;
   
   constant MY_BITS : T_NATVEC := generateVectorLengths;
   

3. Create some helper function to:

   • sum all vector lengths

     function isum(vec : T_NATVEC) return NATURAL is
       variable Result : NATURAL := 0;
     begin
       for i in vec'range loop
         Result := Result + vec(i);
       end loop;
       return Result;
     end function;
     

   • get the upper bound of an embedded vector

     function low(VectorBits : T_POSVEC; index : NATURAL) return NATURAL is
       variable pos : NATURAL := 0;
     begin
       for i in VectorBits'low to index - 1 loop
         pos := pos + VectorBits(i);
       end loop;
       return pos;
     end function;
     

   • get the lower bound of an embedded vector

     function high(VectorBits : T_POSVEC; index : NATURAL) return NATURAL is
       variable pos : NATURAL := 0;
     begin
       for i in lenvec'low to index loop
         pos := pos + VectorBits(i);
       end loop;
       return pos - 1;
     end function;
     

   • get an entire embedded vector

     function getSubvector(vector : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR; VectorBits : T_POSVEC; index : NATURAL) return STD_LOGIC_VECTOR is
     begin
       return vector(high(VectorBit, index) downto low(VectorBit, index));
     end function;
     

   • assign a sub vector to the big vector

      procedure assignSubVector(signal slm : out T_SLM; slv : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR; constant VectorBits : T_POSVEC; constant index : NATURAL) is
      begin
         for i in slv'range loop
           slm(high(VectorBit, index) downto low(VectorBit, index)) <= slv;
         end loop;
      end procedure;
     

4. So now you can use this functions to create an 1-dimensional vector like this:

   signal Vector_1 : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(isum(MY_BITS) - 1 downto 0)  := (others => 'Z');
   -- initialize this vector with 'Z'; this is needed for simulation!
   

5. And you can use this vector with high and low function or with the forlast helper function (see function getSubvector).

   signal Vector_X3 : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(MY_BITS(3) - 1 downto 0);
   ...
   Vector_X3 <= getSubvector(My_Vector, MY_BITS, 3);
   

6. Finally, you can use assignSubVector to assign vectors to the big one:

   signal Vector_X4 : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(MY_BITS(4) - 1 downto 0);
   ...
   assignSubvector(My_Vector, Vector_X4, MY_BITS, 4);
   

If you find these bit moving and twisting function for vectors and matrixes interesting, here is the complete file :).