Using let in an if statement in Swift

Question

The keyword let is used to define constants in Swift. But I keep finding let being used in if statements, and Ive been wondering why this is, or at least what the advantage to this is.

For example in this code:

if !session.setActive(false, error: &error) {
    println("session.setActive fail")
    if let e = error {
        println(e.localizedDescription)
        return
    }
}

Why is error tested with a let in this statement: if let e = error ?

I understand why error needs testing, so we can make sure we can get at .localizedDesciption but I don't understand why we cant just do something like:

    if error {
        println(error.localizedDescription)

Outside of this example Ive also noticed let being used in a lot of other if statements. What are the advantages to this? I would love to know the thinking behind it.

Finally, can var be used in an if statement in the same way?

Marius Schulz · Accepted Answer · 2020-09-25 11:25:21Z

5

The process is called optional binding. You use it to check whether the optional (error in your case) contains a value, and if yes, to assign that value to the bound constant (e in your case).

You may also use var instead of let to bind the value to a variable rather than a constant:

if var error = error {
    // Do something with error
    println(error.localizedDescription)
    return
}

Note that I used the same name (error) in the snippet above. Within the if block, error is no longer of an optional type.

edited Sep 25, 2020 at 11:25

answered Nov 5, 2014 at 11:15

Marius Schulz

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4 Comments

Antonio Over a year ago

Suggested reading: optional binding

Shai Over a year ago

I think OP's issue is that we already have a perfectly good variable (error), so why rebind it as e...

Jimmery Over a year ago

Indeed, why do if let e=error when we could do if error! ? What makes let e=error safer than error! when tested inside an if statement?

Marius Schulz Over a year ago

@Jimmery If you do error! and the optional doesn't have a value, a runtime error will occur. That's exactly what we're trying to avoid.

Tim Vermeulen · Accepted Answer · 2016-05-01 15:53:04Z

2

Also you can use the same name:

 if let error = error {
     println(error.localizedDescription)
     return
 }

edited May 1, 2016 at 15:53

Tim Vermeulen

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answered Nov 5, 2014 at 11:27

ChikabuZ

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