error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1

Question

I have a single .rs file. When I compile it by rustc test1.rs, I get an error:

    error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1
note: cc '-m64' '-L' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib' '-o' 'test1' 'test1.o' '-Wl,-force_load,/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libmorestack.a' '-Wl,-dead_strip' '-nodefaultlibs' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libstd-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcollections-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libunicode-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librand-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liballoc-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liblibc-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcore-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '-L' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib' '-L' '/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/.rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin' '-L' '/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin' '-lSystem' '-lpthread' '-lc' '-lm' '-lcompiler-rt'
note: ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/.rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin'
ld: can't open output file for writing: test1, errno=21 for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

error: aborting due to previous error


$ rustc --version
rustc 1.0.0-dev

I've seen some topic related to this one but none of them helped me to solve the problem.

No idea why this worked--I got this to go away by updating Rust — Leo Ware
– Leo Ware, Commented Jun 25, 2023 at 20:26

AsukaMinato · Accepted Answer · 2024-09-19 21:00:04Z

88

I was faced with three problems on Mac compiling Rust:

First: If you have any issue with writing files/dirs by ld just remove that files and try to recompile. I don't know why, but on Mac this issue happens time to time.

Second: If you have other ld errors (not about file access): try to add the following sections to your ~/.cargo/config (if you don't have this file feel free to create):

[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

[target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

Third: Sometimes your Mac lack of some dev tools/dependencies. Install the most important of them automatically with the command:

xcode-select --install

edited Sep 19, 2024 at 21:00

AsukaMinato

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answered Jan 13, 2021 at 9:08

DenisKolodin

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11 Comments

initvik Over a year ago

Whenever you update the Mac with the new major mac release, usually the XCODE toolchain gets outdated that's the root cause of getting this error. Reinstalling the latest Xcode most of the time fixed the issue.

dcchuck Over a year ago

The cargo config was the missing piece for me. Thank you!

Steven Over a year ago

thank you so much @denis. This saved me a ton of hours. Cargo config is the deal here

stereo Over a year ago

Cargo config solved my error, thank you!

tibbon Over a year ago

The config worked for me too!

|

Amir reza Riahi · Accepted Answer · 2024-03-03 14:45:25Z

14

If you have note: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lsqlite3

then install libsqlite3-dev:

$ sudo apt install libsqlite3-dev

This works on Rust 1.53.0, Linux Mint 20.2(based on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)

edited Mar 3, 2024 at 14:45

Amir reza Riahi

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answered Jul 12, 2021 at 7:48

Russo

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2 Comments

nsrCodes Over a year ago

This is not just specific to sqlite3. In general, if you have a compilation error ending with somthing like **note** /usr/bin/ld cannot find -l<nameOfTheLibrary> refer to the solutions here - stackoverflow.com/q/16710047/11565176 .In my case I was missing the library all together and so this answer helped me - stackoverflow.com/a/42339395/11565176

Kelvinsekx Over a year ago

If you are having this error on a linus or wsl2 ubuntu, this works fine. I had the error when trying to install sqlite with diesel

Pat · Accepted Answer · 2021-09-06 07:57:46Z

11

If you have a MacBook M1(x) with ARM processor you need to install rust from rustup https://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Rust/

When you run rustup-init, use the customize option to change aarch64-apple-darwin to x86_64-apple-darwin

Then you can add the following to .cargo/config.toml or .cargo/config (either is fine)

[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

This solution was tested with Rust 1.54 and MacBook M1

I was able to do a cargo build --release and generate a dylib file from this tutorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqLD22sIYMo

edited Sep 6, 2021 at 7:57

answered Sep 6, 2021 at 7:52

Pat

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1 Comment

program247365 Over a year ago

This is what worked for me on my M1.

syned · Accepted Answer · 2022-10-30 18:12:42Z

10

My rust project stopped building after updating my MacOS so this command fixed it for me

xcode-select --install

answered Oct 30, 2022 at 18:12

syned

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Comments

DrYap · Accepted Answer · 2015-01-24 10:27:25Z

6

From your command rustc test1.rs the compiler infers the name of the executable should be test1. The linker tries to open this file so it can write the executable but fails with errno=21 whose stringified version is "Is a directory".

This suggests you have a directory in your working directory called test1 which is causing a conflict.

answered Jan 24, 2015 at 10:27

DrYap

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1 Comment

Alex Over a year ago

Spot on. I had a very similar problem, and this answer was helpful in narrowing down the error message.

dnetto · Accepted Answer · 2024-09-17 10:44:53Z

4

After updating the Mac M1, for some reason I don't know, I had the same error, but throwing:

$> ld

he told me it was because of the license, then just launch

$> sudo xcodebuild -license accept

Have a good day :D

answered Sep 17, 2024 at 10:44

dnetto

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Comments

gdev · Accepted Answer · 2023-02-03 14:39:44Z

1

I had the same issue recently and I found out this solution that worked for me:

https://www.docker.com/blog/cross-compiling-rust-code-for-multiple-architectures/

On Running Rust on aarch64 I found out that libc6-dev-arm64-cross is need in order to compile rust successfully on aarch64.

answered Feb 3, 2023 at 14:39

gdev

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Comments

YugoAmaryl · Accepted Answer · 2023-09-03 07:00:13Z

0

In my case, I'm on a ubuntu22.04, I got error like following

error: linking with `cc` failed: exit status: 1
...
note: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpython3.10: No such file or directory

I solved it by sudo apt install python3.10-dev

answered Sep 3, 2023 at 7:00

YugoAmaryl

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Comments

Larry Neil · Accepted Answer · 2024-05-02 22:02:24Z

0

I faced this kind of error and fixed by installing xcode-select with this command.

xcode-select --install

FYI, I am working with macOS. And also added this to the Cargo.toml file like below:

[build]
rustc-args = ["-Vv"]

answered May 2, 2024 at 22:02

Larry Neil

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Comments

kenechukwu igweagu · Accepted Answer · 2024-05-13 18:07:04Z

0

The IntelliJ terminal has to run with sudo privileges. Close IntelliJ and open with sudo "/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA 9.0.3.app/Contents/MacOS/idea" from the terminal.

answered May 13, 2024 at 18:07

kenechukwu igweagu

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Comments

bartonstanley · Accepted Answer · 2025-01-25 04:10:56Z

0

In my case, I was also seeing this:

  = note: ld: warning: search path '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/proj/9.4.1/lib' not found
          ld: warning: search path '"/opt/homebrew/Cellar/proj/9.4.1/lib"' not found
          ld: library 'proj' not found

What solved it for me was to run rustup update.

answered Jan 25 at 4:10

bartonstanley

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