You can't override an <img> tag (or you shouldn't), but there are other ways to achieve an image fallback.

Also, take in account that HTML:image tag is not a Laravel built-in element, is just HTML and Laravel has nothing to do here.

Blade PHP solution

Check that file exists. If not, it will echo the fallback image.

@if (file_exists(public_path('path/to/image.jpg')))
    <img src="{{ asset('path/to/image.jpg') }}">
@else
    <img src="{{ asset('images/no_available_image.svg') }}">
@endif

Vue + Blade solution

Following this question, you can create a Vue component like this:

ImgFallback.vue

<template>
    <object :data="src" type="image/png">
        <img :src="fallback" />
    </object>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        props: {
            src: String,
            fallback: String
        }
    }
</script>

then register it in your app.js

Vue.component('img-fallback', require('./components/ImgFallback.vue'));

So then in your blade templates you can use:

<img-fallback 
    src="{{ asset('wrong_image_path') }}" 
    fallback="{{ asset('images/no_available_image.svg') }}">
</img-fallback>

Reusing code

Since you will be using blade and the same fallback image in all cases, you don't want to repeat the fallback attribute everytime, so you can create a blade template called for example image.blade.php and put in the javascript or PHP option. Then in your views call:

@include('image', [ 'path' => 'path/to/your/image.jpg' ])

And use the $path variable to fill the src attribute in the image.blade.php file.

@if (file_exists(public_path($path)))
    <img src="{{ asset($path) }}">
@else
    <img src="{{ asset('images/no_available_image.svg') }}">
@endif

or

<img-fallback 
    src="{{ asset($src) }}" 
    fallback="{{ asset('images/no_available_image.svg') }}">
</img-fallback>