I need to use a case statement with the control signal being 4 bits. I have multiple cases of those 4 bits doing the same operation, how do I make the code more concise?
For ex:
casez (fbe) //fbe is defined as logic [3:0] fbe;
4'b0000: begin
// operation a
end
4'b???1 : begin
// operation b
end
Operation a and operation b are exactly identical. How do I collapse these 2 into a single case? Something like (fbe == 4'b0000) | (fbe == 4'b???1) into a single case?
You can use commas to separate all case expressions that will perform the operations. The default condition cannot be in this list (because it would be redundant).
Example:
casez(fbe)
4'b0000, 4'b???1 : begin /* do same stuff */ end
4'b??10 : begin /* do other stuff */ end
default : begin ... end
endcase
This is documented in IEEE Verilog and SystemVerilog LRMs with examples. Such as IEEE1364-1995 § 9.5 Case statement and IEEE1800-2012 § 12.5 Case statement.
In SystemVerilog, you should use the case (expression) inside statement. (§12.5.4 Set membership case statement). This lets you use the same kind of lists of expressions that the inside operator uses, like a range of values. It also has asymmetrical wildcard matching. This means only Z's in the case item become wildcards, not Z's in the case expression. For example
case (fbe) inside
4'b0000, 4'b0??1: begin end // 0, and 1,3,7
[9:11]: begin end // 9,10,11
default: begin end //2,4,6,8,12-15
endcase
If fbe was 4'bz000 for some reason, the default would be taken. casez would have matched 4'b0000.
case() inside? Last time I tried (about 2 years ago) most tools (simulator, linter, synthesizer, etc.) didn't support it. When I asked the vendors, their responses basically were: it a known issue, don't to expect it any time soon, use casez.