How to handle multiple windows in Python selenium with Firefox driver

Question

I want to learn WINDOW handling in Python Selenium.

My Task is:

First open 'Google.com'.

Second open 'Yahoo.com' in New Window.

Third switch back to First Window and click on Gmail Link.

Fourth switch to Second Window and click on Finance Link.

Following Code works for me:

browser.get("http://www.google.co.in")
browser.execute_script("window.open('https://www.yahoo.com')")
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
print(browser.title)
gmail=browser.find_element_by_class_name("gb_P")
gmail.click()
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
print(browser.title)
fin=browser.find_element_by_link_text("Finance")
fin.click()

But when I try to change sequence to task as:

First open 'Google.com'.

Second open 'Yahoo.com' in New Window.

Third remaining in same window and click on Finance Link.

Fourth switch to First Window and click on Gmail Link.

The below altered code for the task in which after opening yahoo.com in new window and then clicking on finance link and then switching to main window containing Google.com then clicking on Gmail link doesn't work:

browser.get("http://www.google.co.in")
browser.execute_script("window.open('https://www.yahoo.com')")
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
print(browser.title)
fin=browser.find_element_by_link_text("Finance")
fin.click()
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
print(browser.title)
gmail=browser.find_element_by_class_name("gb_P")
gmail.click()

But if I refresh the page after switching to the Yahoo tab this works only in Chrome Driver and not in Firefox Driver.

browser.get("http://www.google.co.in")
print(browser.current_window_handle)
browser.execute_script("window.open('https://www.yahoo.com')")
print(browser.current_window_handle)

WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))


browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
print(browser.current_window_handle)
print(browser.title)

browser.refresh()

fin=browser.find_element_by_link_text("Finance")
fin.click()
print(browser.window_handles)

WebDriverWait(browser,10000)

browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
print(browser.title)
print(browser.current_window_handle)
gmail=browser.find_element_by_class_name("gb_P")
gmail.click()

Can you narrow down the question to what exactly you are looking for? — undetected Selenium
– undetected Selenium, Commented Jun 13, 2018 at 20:41
@DebanjanB why didn't that code for the altered sequence of my task didn't worked? — Abhay
– Abhay, Commented Jun 13, 2018 at 20:44
@DebanjanB why didn't the code for the altered sequence of the Task didn't worked? — Abhay
– Abhay, Commented Jun 13, 2018 at 20:45
Update the question with what doesn't works as in altered code for the task doesn't work — undetected Selenium
– undetected Selenium, Commented Jun 13, 2018 at 20:47

undetected Selenium · Accepted Answer · 2019-08-20 07:37:20Z

1

As per your updated question a few words about Tab/Window switching/handling:

Always keep track of the Parent Window handle so you can traverse back for the rest of your usecases.
Always use WebDriverWait with expected-conditions as number_of_windows_to_be(num_windows)
Always keep track of the Child Window handles so you can traverse back if required.

Here is your own code with some minor tweaks mentioned above:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
#other lines of code
browser.get("http://www.google.co.in")
print("Initial Page Title is : %s" %browser.title)
windows_before  = browser.current_window_handle
print("First Window Handle is : %s" %windows_before)
browser.execute_script("window.open('https://www.yahoo.com')")
WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))
windows_after = browser.window_handles
new_window = [x for x in windows_after if x != windows_before][0]
# browser.switch_to_window(new_window) <!---deprecated>
browser.switch_to.window(new_window)
print("Page Title after Tab Switching is : %s" %browser.title)
print("Second Window Handle is : %s" %new_window)

Console Output:

Initial Page Title is : Google
First Window Handle is : CDwindow-34D74AB1BB2F0A1A8B7426BF25B86F52
Page Title after Tab Switching is : Yahoo
Second Window Handle is : CDwindow-F3ABFEBE4907CFBB3CD09CEB75ED570E

Browser Snapshot:

Now you have got both the Window Handles so you can easily switch to any of the TABs to perform any action.

edited Aug 20, 2019 at 7:37

answered Jun 14, 2018 at 13:58

undetected Selenium

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4 Comments

Abhay Over a year ago

Sir still I can't open FINANCE link on YAHOO first then switch back to GOOGLE and click on GMAIL.

Abhay Over a year ago

it only works if I refresh the page after switching!!

undetected Selenium Over a year ago

@user8810517 This answer was constructed as per your question (heading) How to handle multiple windows in Python and WINDOW handling in Python Selenium. If your requirement have changed feel free to raise a new question with you new requirement. Stackoverflow volunteers will be happy to help you out.

Abhay Over a year ago

Sir your answer has definitely answered the main query. But half of my question remains unanswered. Why didn't my code work in altered sequence of my task. I have updated question with how refershing the page after switching works but that too only in Chrome Driver.

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