Make sure that you use proper JAR file.
lib/jacocoagent.jar in jacoco-0.8.1.zip that is linked from JaCoCo homepage has following checksums
$ wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jacoco/jacoco/0.8.1/jacoco-0.8.1.zip
$ unzip jacoco-0.8.1.zip
$ md5sum lib/jacocoagent.jar
2873d7006dc9672d84981792df2c5b7a lib/jacocoagent.jar
$ sha256sum lib/jacocoagent.jar
cd40d1c1aea4112adb82049df3f462b60380ce1bb00bdecb1cfdb862e34be8dd lib/jacocoagent.jar
JaCoCo homepage also contains link on JaCoCo documentation, which contains page "Maven Repository" with explanation that exactly the same artifact in Maven Central Repository has groupId org.jacoco, artifactId org.jacoco.agent and most importantly classifier runtime :
Following JAR files are available:
Group ID | Artifact ID | Classifier | Description
-----------+------------------+------------+-------------
...
org.jacoco | org.jacoco.agent | | API to get a local copy of the agent
org.jacoco | org.jacoco.agent | runtime | Agent
...
so its filename is org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar
$ wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.agent/0.8.1/org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar
$ md5sum org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar
2873d7006dc9672d84981792df2c5b7a org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar
$ sha256sum org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar
cd40d1c1aea4112adb82049df3f462b60380ce1bb00bdecb1cfdb862e34be8dd org.jacoco.agent-0.8.1-runtime.jar
and both have Premain-Class attribute
$ unzip lib/jacocoagent.jar
$ cat META-INF/MANIFEST.MF | grep Premain
Premain-Class: org.jacoco.agent.rt.internal_c13123e.PreMain