To wrap this all up in an answer. Using the Firebase SDK, you can execute adb shell setprop debug.firebase.analytics.app package_name to enable debug mode. Adb is a the "Android Debug Bridge", which exists on your machine if you're able to load games onto a phone (either via Android Studio or via Unity).
For finding your SDK location and setting your path, it depends on the host OS and shell you're running as well as how you've installed the Android SDK. Therefore, I'll try to give OS agnostic instructions for if you selected to install the Android SDK that ships in Unity 2019 (specifically 2019.2.3f1 as installed by Unity Hub).
In this case, the path to ADB is {Unity_Installation_Directory}/PlaybackEngines/AndroidPlayer/SDK/platform-tools/adb. So the command without messing with my path or cd'ing to a weird directory would be: /Applications/Unity/Hub/Editor/2019.2.3f1/PlaybackEngines/AndroidPlayer/SDK/platform-tools/adb shell setprop debug.firebase.analytics.app package_name
Now, I have Android Studio installed and I use my .profile file to set my path on OSX (I use the fish shell, so this is a little tricky). To make that version of ADB accessible as a command as indicated by the instructions page, I have this towards the end of the file:
# Add environment variable NDK_ROOT
export NDK_ROOT="/Users/username/Library/Android/sdk/ndk-bundle"
export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="/Users/username/Library/Android/sdk"
export PATH=$NDK_ROOT:$PATH
But this is specific enough that I posted the general solution first.
Hope this helps!
--Patrick