as @Clément Bisaillon suggests, you have forgotten to add method for shell command output.
but your comment has been Raised a new Question.
Why it works with whoiam and date, but not working with history ?
This Works:
$schedule->exec('cat /home/abilogos/.bash_history ')->everyMinute()->appendOutputTo('/home/abilogos/Desktop/testHist.txt');
you can find history file in with echo $HISTFILE
BUT WHY?
it gets even more interesting when you just which history to find history path and it tells you there
which: no history in Your Path
like source command.
because they are not Programs stored in $PATH locations. they are bash`s command
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man7/bash-builtins.7.html
and laravel uses php @proc_open (Symfony\Component\Process\Process) which just execute Programs not Bash commands :
https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.proc-open.php
whoamiwhoamicommand with the exact same user that your Laravel uses?